LED Package Phosphor Compensation for Color Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional white LEDs experience variations in color hue due to variations in phosphor or conversion material coverage and material composition, leading to inconsistent emission wavelengths, which increases manufacturing costs and reduces customer satisfaction through the need for binning to ensure acceptable color ranges.

Innovation Solution

The use of two or more phosphors with tailored excitation and emission characteristics to compensate for LED emission wavelength variations, maintaining a consistent white emission color point by adjusting the excitation efficiency of each phosphor to match the target color point, thereby reducing the need for extensive binning.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a single phosphor or converter material is used with blue LEDs, then the device complexity is reduced and manufacturing is simplified, but the color point varies significantly due to LED wavelength variations and material composition variations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvephosphor material compositionVSAvoidemission color point
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by combining multiple phosphor materials (e.g., yellow phosphor and red phosphor) or using a phosphor converter material with specific composition ranges to create a multi-component phosphor system. This composite approach compensates for LED wavelength variations and maintains consistent color point output, resolving the contradiction between simplified material composition and stable emission characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Stability of the object's composition

If LEDs are tested and sorted by color into bins to ensure acceptable color ranges, then the color consistency is improved, but the manufacturing cost increases and productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveemission color consistencyVSAvoidmanufacturing throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-engineering the phosphor material composition and converter material properties during manufacturing to inherently produce LEDs with consistent color points. This preliminary optimization of material characteristics eliminates the need for subsequent binning and sorting operations, thereby maintaining color consistency while improving productivity and reducing manufacturing costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Use of energy by moving object

If the phosphor or converter material is optimized for a specific LED wavelength, then the emission efficiency is improved, but the color point varies when LED wavelength changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvephosphor emission efficiencyVSAvoidcolor point stability across wavelength variations
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by using multiple phosphor materials with different emission characteristics or a phosphor converter material with specific composition ranges. Each phosphor component contributes differently to the overall emission, with certain phosphors being more effective at compensating for wavelength variations in specific ranges. This localized optimization of phosphor properties across different wavelength regions maintains both emission efficiency and color point stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach results in tighter emission distribution and more consistent LED packages, reducing manufacturing costs and improving customer acceptance by maintaining a consistent color point within a narrow standard deviation, such as within 4-step MacAdam ellipses on the CIE color coordinate system.

Implementation Method 1

The surrounding phosphor material 'downconverts' the wavelength of some of the LED's blue light, changing its color to yellow

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoluminescence: Photoluminescence

Implementation Method 2

When a bias is applied across the doped layers, holes and electrons are injected into the active layer where they recombine to generate light

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectroluminescence: Electroluminescence

Data Source

PatentEP2472614B1Multiple conversion material light emitting diode package and method of fabricating same
Publication Date: 2017.04.26 WOLFSPEED INC
  • EP2472614B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2b
  • EP2472614B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~2c
  • EP2472614B1 patent drawingFigure 3b~3c

AI summary

A method for fabricating emitter packages (10) comprises fabricating a plurality of LEDs (14). Each of the LEDs (14) emits at a wavelength within a range of wavelengths. The LEDs (14) are each arranged in a respective package (10) with a plurality of conversion materials (24, 26) so that at least some light from each of the LEDs (14) is absorbed and re-emitted by its corresponding conversion material (24, 26). The plurality of conversion materials (24, 26) have excitation and emission characteristics that compensate for different LED emission wavelengths within the range such that each of the emitter packages (10) emits light within a standard deviation of a target color.