Li-Ion Cell Life Assessment Using High-Precision Coulometry

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for estimating the service life of lithium-ion battery cells are inaccurate and time-consuming, relying on self-discharge tests that require lengthy storage and measurement, leading to costly processes and wide variations in aging classification.

Innovation Solution

A method using high-precision coulometry to measure load cycles, determining discharge capacities with calibrated calculations, and optimizing measurements to achieve agreement between different calculations, allowing for precise classification of battery cells based on aging criteria, such as Coulomb efficiency and capacity loss, which can be stored for future evaluation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If self-discharge tests are used to classify battery cells, then classification can be performed, but the measurement time is very long (several weeks) and accuracy is poor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclassification accuracyVSAvoidmeasurement time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the measurement parameters by using accelerated load cycles with specific current ranges (0.1C to 3C) and state of charge variations instead of passive self-discharge testing. This transforms the test from a slow equilibrium-based method to an active dynamic measurement, reducing test time from weeks to days while capturing aging-relevant electrochemical responses

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary classification measurements during or after the formation process, before batteries enter service. By conducting accelerated load cycle tests during manufacturing, the system obtains aging predictions upfront without requiring lengthy post-production storage tests, thus eliminating the time loss while maintaining classification capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If self-discharge tests are used for battery cell classification, then classification is possible, but the process is costly and exhibits wide variation in aging prediction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaging prediction consistencyVSAvoidtest process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms where measurement data from accelerated load cycles is continuously analyzed to update aging predictions. The system uses measured parameters (capacity loss, resistance changes, voltage deviations) to refine classification, reducing prediction variation. This feedback loop enables consistent reliability without requiring complex multi-parameter testing setups

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a universal classification method that works across different battery chemistries and formats by using normalized parameters (C-rates, state of charge percentages, specific capacity metrics). This multi-functional approach allows the same test protocol to classify various battery types consistently, reducing process complexity while improving reliability through standardized evaluation criteria

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Measurement precision

If detailed current calibration and optimization procedures are implemented, then measurement accuracy is improved, but calculation complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedischarge capacity determination accuracyVSAvoidcalculation procedure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs self-service mechanisms where the measurement system automatically performs current calibration using internal reference measurements and optimization algorithms. The system self-adjusts calibration parameters based on measured data without requiring external manual calibration procedures, thereby improving discharge capacity determination accuracy while keeping the calculation procedure automated and manageable through software rather than manual complex calculations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly reduces the time required for quality testing from weeks to days, improving classification accuracy and reducing capital investment, while using multiple independent parameters for robust assessment, enabling better integration of field data for improved predictions.

Implementation Method 1

a plurality of load cycles of the battery cell are measured using a high-precision coulometry device, with the measurement result comprising a plurality of current values

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCoulometry:

Data Source

PatentEP4123319B1Method, device and a computer program for assessing the service life of batteries
Publication Date: 2024.02.14 SIEMENS AG
  • EP4123319B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4123319B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4123319B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

High-precision coulometry measurement is used for formed Li-ion cells to create a comparatively fast classification into classes according to their expected aging, using one or more criteria from coulomb efficiency, energy efficiency, mean capacity loss and effective cell internal resistance for the classification.