Li3OCl Solid-State Electrolyte for Battery Safety
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current lithium-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes face safety issues, limited operational temperature range, and inability to use high-voltage cathodes due to dendrite formation and narrow electrochemical windows, while solid-state electrolytes offer improved safety but require further development for optimal performance.
Innovation Solution
Development of solid-state lithium-ion batteries using lithium-rich antiperovskite electrolytes, specifically Li3OCl, which demonstrates high ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and prevents dendrite formation, enabling safer and higher voltage operations by optimizing electrolyte thickness and working electrode composition.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If liquid electrolytes are used in lithium-ion batteries, then the batteries can operate at room temperature with good ionic conductivity, but safety deteriorates due to thermal runaway and dendrite formation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical state parameter of the electrolyte from liquid to solid, specifically using Li3OCl solid-state electrolyte. This parameter change eliminates the thermal runaway issue inherent in liquid electrolytes while maintaining ionic conductivity through the solid lattice structure, directly resolving the safety contradiction
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite material design by combining Li3OCl solid-state electrolyte with specific electrode materials (such as LiCoO2 cathode and graphite anode). This composite approach enables the system to achieve both safety benefits of solid-state electrolytes and functional performance required for practical battery operation
2Object-affected harmful factors
If solid-state electrolytes are used to improve safety, then thermal stability improves, but ionic conductivity deteriorates at room temperature
Solution Approach 1:
The patent selects Li3OCl as the solid-state electrolyte material, which has a specific crystal structure that enables high ionic conductivity at room temperature. The chloride ions in the lattice create pathways for lithium ion transport, changing the material parameter to achieve both thermal stability and adequate ionic conductivity simultaneously
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the local structure of the Li3OCl electrolyte by controlling grain size, density, and phase composition. This local quality optimization ensures that sufficient ionic conductivity pathways exist within the solid-state structure while maintaining overall thermal stability of the material
3Power
If liquid electrolytes are used, then the electrochemical window is narrow preventing high-voltage cathodes, but solid-state electrolytes are required for high-voltage operation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the electrochemical stability parameter by using Li3OCl solid-state electrolyte, which has a wider electrochemical window compared to liquid electrolytes. This allows the battery system to operate at higher voltages (enabling use of high-capacity cathodes like LiCoO2) without electrolyte decomposition, directly resolving the voltage capability contradiction
4Reliability
If electrolyte thickness is reduced to improve ionic conductivity, then charge transfer resistance decreases, but mechanical stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the material parameter by using Li3OCl with inherently high ionic conductivity, which allows the electrolyte layer to be made thinner without proportionally increasing charge transfer resistance. This material parameter change decouples the relationship between thickness and conductivity, enabling thin-film design with maintained mechanical integrity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The Li3OCl solid-state electrolyte enhances lithium-ion battery safety, expands operational temperature range, and maintains charge capacity, demonstrating stable performance over extended cycles and elevated temperatures, addressing limitations of liquid electrolytes.
Implementation Method 1
AC impedance spectroscopy demonstrates Arrhenius behavior for Li3OCl electrolyte in the temperature range of 23-100° C. with corresponding values of charge transfer resistance
Implementation Method 2
solid-state electrolytes possess capability to improve the lithium-ion battery performance while preventing lithium dendrite formation
Implementation Method 3
Cyclic voltammetry performed at 50° C. and 100° C. for 100 cycles confirms that the half-cell performance during lithiation/delithiation from 0.05 to 1.V is highly reproducible
Data Source
AI summary
Solid-state lithium-ion batteries with a solid-state antiperovskite electrolyte are disclosed. In one aspect, a solid-state Li3ClO electrolyte is deposited on a Cu-supported thin carbon working electrode using a delamination approach for half-cells with lithium metal as a reference electrode.