LIBS Fractal Scanning for Artifact-Free Composition Maps

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) scanning methods suffer from artifacts such as blurring and smearing in positionally-resolved images due to material transport effects, leading to inaccurate composition measurements.

Innovation Solution

Employing a fractal path for moving the ablation point sequentially along a fractal pattern, which reduces material transport and minimizes artifacts by distributing scan movements in multiple directions, using fractal patterns like Hilbert, Moore, or Peano curves.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional scanning methods are used to move the ablation point across the sample surface, then the scanning process is simple and fast, but material transport effects cause blurring and smearing artifacts in positionally-resolved images

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepositionally-resolved composition accuracyVSAvoidscanning path complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The scanning path is divided into multiple fractal segments (e.g., Hilbert curve, Peano curve, Moore curve) that collectively cover the sample surface. Each segment is designed to minimize material transport in specific directions, and the combination of segments achieves comprehensive coverage while eliminating blurring artifacts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The scanning approach transitions from conventional linear or raster paths to fractal curves that fill two-dimensional space efficiently. These space-filling curves distribute scanning movements in multiple directions across the surface, converting a simple one-dimensional scanning motion into a complex multi-directional path that eliminates material transport artifacts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Reliability

If the ablation point moves in a single direction or simple pattern, then the scanning mechanism is simple, but material transport causes smearing artifacts in the compositional maps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompositional map accuracyVSAvoidscanning control complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The scanning system dynamically adjusts the ablation point trajectory following fractal curves rather than static linear paths. The positioning system (galvanometer mirrors or piezoelectric actuators) is controlled to trace complex fractal patterns, dynamically changing direction at each segment to minimize material transport effects while maintaining precise positional control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces simple mechanical scanning with optically-controlled beam positioning using galvanometer mirrors or piezoelectric actuators. This substitution allows precise control of the ablation point along fractal paths without complex mechanical moving parts, achieving reliable compositional mapping through optical-mechanical integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Manufacturing precision

If conventional raster or linear scanning is used, then the scanning process is straightforward and fast, but positionally-resolved images exhibit blurring artifacts

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepositionally-resolved image qualityVSAvoidscanning speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The fractal scanning path is implemented as a periodic sequence of directional changes along the curve. The ablation point periodically reverses direction at fractal segments, creating a systematic pattern of multi-directional scanning that eliminates material transport artifacts while maintaining continuous scanning operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The scanning approach combines multiple fractal curve segments (e.g., Hilbert + Peano, or multiple Moore curves) to create a composite scanning path. This composite fractal path integrates the advantages of different fractal geometries to achieve comprehensive surface coverage with minimized material transport effects in all directions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach provides accurate, artifact-free positionally-resolved maps and averaged compositions, enhancing the precision of elemental analysis in LIBS by minimizing errors and blurring.

Implementation Method 1

LIBS relies on pulsed energy emissions, such as pulsed laser emission, directed toward the sample to ablate, atomize, and ionize matter

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser ablation: Laser Ablation

Implementation Method 2

The impact of each laser pulse onto the sample's surface creates a plume of plasma

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAblation: Ablation

Implementation Method 3

the plasma causes atomic emission during the cooling process

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAtomic emission: Luminescence

Implementation Method 4

The different energy levels of different atoms produce different photon energies for each kind of atom, with narrowband emissions due to their quantization. These emissions correspond to the spectral emission lines found in LIBS spectra

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSpectral emission: Light

Data Source

PatentEP4211448B1Systems and methods for performing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Publication Date: 2025.10.22 THERMO FISHER SCI ECUBLENS
  • EP4211448B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4211448B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4211448B1 patent drawingFigure 3~10

AI summary

A method for compositional analysis includes providing a sample having a surface, moving an ablation point to a plurality of positions on the surface along a fractal path, pulsing an energy source to provide an electromagnetic energy beam to ablate material at the ablation point, collecting an emission spectrum in response to pulsing the energy source, and analyzing the emission spectrum to determine a composition at the surface.