Wind Turbine Rotor-Section Pitch Control via LIDAR

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Solution Overview

Problem

Modern wind turbines face challenges in managing extreme loads on blades, towers, and other components due to varying wind conditions, often resulting in undesired fatigue or damage, as current control systems are either too conservative or inadequate in responding to turbulence levels.

Innovation Solution

A control system that divides the rotor plane into predefined sections, using LIDAR technology to measure wind properties ahead of the rotor and adjust blade pitch angles proactively based on expected wind conditions in each section, thereby optimizing energy capture and reducing the risk of extreme loads.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If traditional control systems are used to maximize power extraction, then energy production is improved, but extreme loads on blades and components increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy productionVSAvoidextreme loads on components
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The LIDAR system measures wind properties in advance before the wind reaches the rotor plane, allowing the control system to proactively adjust blade pitch angles to prevent extreme loads before they occur, rather than reacting after loads have already impacted the turbine

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The rotor plane is divided into multiple predefined sections, and the LIDAR measures wind properties in corresponding sections ahead of the rotor. This segmentation allows for localized pitch angle adjustments in specific rotor sections based on expected wind conditions in each section, enabling precise control to maximize energy capture while minimizing extreme loads

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Duration of action of stationary object

If conservative control strategies are applied to reduce loads, then component lifespan is improved, but energy production decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent lifespanVSAvoidenergy production
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

By measuring wind properties in advance using LIDAR and proactively adjusting pitch angles before extreme wind conditions reach the rotor, the system can maintain aggressive energy capture during normal conditions while preventing damage during turbulent conditions, thereby extending component lifespan without significantly reducing overall energy production

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

Different pitch angles are applied to different sections of the rotor plane based on localized wind conditions measured by LIDAR. This allows the system to optimize energy capture in sections with favorable wind conditions while applying protective pitch angles in sections expecting turbulent conditions, balancing energy production and component protection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Reliability

If individual blade pitching is implemented to reduce extreme loads, then reliability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereduction of extreme loadsVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system replaces complex mechanical load reduction mechanisms with an aerodynamic control approach using LIDAR-based wind measurement and pitch angle adjustment. This substitution achieves load reduction through intelligent control rather than mechanical means, managing complexity through software and sensing rather than additional mechanical components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for more precise control of blade pitch angles, enhancing energy capture while minimizing exposure to damaging loads, thereby extending the lifespan of wind turbine components and improving operational efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device configured to measure one or more properties of wind in a plurality of predefined sections of a plane in front of the rotor plane

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLIDAR: LIDAR

Implementation Method 2

The LIDAR unit is configured to determine wind properties ahead of a rotor plane of the wind turbine by measuring backscattered light from aerosols

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight backscattering: Scattering

Data Source

PatentEP2607689B1Rotor-sector based control of wind turbines
Publication Date: 2016.04.27 VESTAS WIND SYSTEMS AS
  • EP2607689B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2607689B1 patent drawingFigure 2~5
  • EP2607689B1 patent drawingFigure 3~6

AI summary

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to controlling a wind turbine comprising blades attached to a rotor hub for rotation in a rotor plane and a control system for individually pitching the blades relative to the hub. The rotor plane s divided into a plurality of predefined section, wherein each section has an associated pitch reference value. A light detection and ranging device may be used to determine expected properties of wind in each respective section of the rotor plane so that the pitch reference value may be adjusted accordingly.