LiDAR Wind Field Reconstruction for Turbine Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current LiDAR sensors in wind turbines face limitations in accuracy and data availability for estimating wind speed and direction, particularly in complex wind fields, leading to unreliable control strategies and increased maintenance costs due to misalignment and fatigue issues.

Innovation Solution

A method for acquiring and modeling a three-dimensional wind field using a LiDAR sensor by discretizing space into a grid of measurement and estimation points, applying a weighted recursive least squares optimization method to estimate wind amplitude and direction, and reconstructing the wind field in real-time, enabling precise wind speed and direction estimation upstream of the sensor.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If LiDAR sensors are used to measure wind speed, then remote sensing capability is improved, but measurement accuracy deteriorates due to indirect measurement and limited bandwidth

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveremote sensing capabilityVSAvoidwind speed measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the wind field measurement into multiple measurement axes (at least three distinct directions) rather than relying on a single LiDAR beam. This segmentation allows reconstruction of the full wind vector components (u, v, w) by combining measurements from multiple directions, thereby improving measurement accuracy while maintaining remote sensing capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary reconstruction algorithm that processes the indirect LiDAR measurements and transforms them into accurate wind vector estimates. This intermediary computational step bridges the gap between the raw indirect measurements and the desired accurate wind field information

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Device complexity

If homogeneous wind field assumption is used for reconstruction, then algorithm simplicity is improved, but reconstruction accuracy deteriorates due to unrealistic wind field representation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereconstruction algorithm simplicityVSAvoidwind field reconstruction accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from a static homogeneous wind field assumption to a dynamic wind field model that accounts for temporal variations and complex wind dynamics. The reconstruction algorithm adapts to changing wind conditions by using a dynamic model that reflects the actual turbulent and time-varying nature of atmospheric wind fields

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the fundamental parameters of the wind field model from constant homogeneous values to time-varying parameters that capture wind turbulence, shear, and other dynamic characteristics. This allows the reconstruction to accurately represent real wind field behavior while maintaining computational tractability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Speed

If instantaneous wind speed estimation is implemented, then real-time control capability is improved, but longitudinal wind speed accuracy deteriorates due to moving average dependency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereal-time estimation speedVSAvoidlongitudinal wind speed accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary reconstruction of the complete three-dimensional wind field (including longitudinal, lateral, and vertical components) before control applications are needed. This preliminary action provides accurate longitudinal wind speed estimates without relying on moving averages, enabling both real-time responsiveness and high accuracy simultaneously

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

4Measurement precision

If multiple measurement axes are used for wind vector reconstruction, then wind field estimation accuracy is improved, but data processing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewind vector estimation accuracyVSAvoiddata processing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the data from multiple measurement axes into a unified wind vector reconstruction framework. By combining the measurements systematically through a coordinated algorithm that processes all axes simultaneously rather than separately, the patent achieves accurate three-component wind vector estimation while managing computational complexity through integrated processing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach provides reliable, real-time three-dimensional wind field reconstruction, enhancing wind turbine control, reducing maintenance costs, and improving operational efficiency by accurately predicting gusts and turbulence.

Implementation Method 1

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors used as a remote sensing method for measuring wind speed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDoppler Effect: Doppler Effect

Implementation Method 2

projection of the wind onto a measurement axis (also known as a laser beam for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight amplification by stimulated emission of radiation: Laser

Data Source

PatentEP3642647B1Method for acquiring and modelling an incident wind field by means of a lidar sensor
Publication Date: 2022.05.04 IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES
  • EP3642647B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3642647B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3642647B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The subject matter of the invention relates to a method for acquiring and modelling an incident wind field by means of a LiDAR sensor. The acquisition and modelling includes a step for assessing the amplitudes and directions of the wind for a set of discrete points, as well as a step for reconstructing the incident wind field in three dimensions and in real time. The invention also relates to a method for controlling and/or monitoring a wind turbine provided with such a LiDAR sensor from the incident wind field reconstructed in three dimensions and in real time.