Light blocking articles having opacifying layers

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing light-blocking materials, such as blackout curtains, face challenges with high specific gravity inorganic pigments that increase weight, require multiple coating operations, and expose light-absorbing layers, leading to visibility issues and manufacturing inefficiencies.

Innovation Solution

The development of porous particles with a continuous polymeric binder and a small amount of opacifying colorant, dispersed in a matrix polymer, which absorbs electromagnetic radiation and is designed to prevent carbon black exposure, allowing for lightweight, flexible, and washable radiation-blocking materials with improved manufacturing efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Illumination intensity

If high specific gravity inorganic pigments are used to achieve light blocking, then opacity is improved, but weight increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveopacityVSAvoidweight
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs porous particles as the light-blocking mechanism instead of traditional dense inorganic pigments. These porous particles provide high opacity through their structure while maintaining lower weight, directly resolving the contradiction between achieving light blocking and minimizing weight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses composite materials combining porous particles with a polymeric binder system. This composite approach allows the material to achieve both the opacity needed for light blocking and the weight reduction desired, as the porous structure provides optical properties while the polymer matrix provides structural support with lower density than inorganic pigments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Illumination intensity

If multiple coating operations are used to achieve adequate light blocking, then opacity is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveopacityVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple functional components (porous particles for opacity, polymeric binder for adhesion and flexibility, and light-absorbing compounds) into a single coating formulation. This merging allows all necessary light-blocking functions to be achieved in one coating operation rather than requiring multiple sequential coating steps.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The coating formulation is designed as a universal solution that simultaneously provides opacity, adhesion, flexibility, and light absorption in a single application. The polymeric binder system performs multiple functions including binding the porous particles, providing flexibility to the coating, and enabling adhesion to the substrate, eliminating the need for separate coating operations for each function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Illumination intensity

If light-absorbing layers are exposed to prevent carbon black exposure, then aesthetic appearance is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaesthetic appearanceVSAvoidmanufacturing precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a polymeric binder as an intermediary layer that encapsulates the carbon black and porous particles. This binder layer prevents direct exposure of carbon black while maintaining the light-blocking functionality, thereby improving aesthetic appearance without requiring extremely precise manufacturing controls to prevent carbon black exposure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The polymeric binder forms a flexible protective shell around the light-absorbing porous particles and carbon black. This flexible film structure allows the coating to maintain its integrity and prevent carbon black exposure while accommodating manufacturing variations, reducing the stringency of precision requirements compared to rigid protective layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides high opacity and reflectance while maintaining a light color, reducing the need for heavy pigments and multiple coating operations, and prevents carbon black exposure, resulting in a durable, aesthetically pleasing, and efficient light-blocking material.

Implementation Method 1

an opacifying colorant that absorbs the predetermined electromagnetic radiation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption (EM radiation): Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

porous particles comprising a continuous polymeric binder and pores within the continuous polymeric binder

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight scattering: Scattering

Data Source

PatentUS11079519B2Light blocking articles having opacifying layers
Publication Date: 2021.08.03 EASTMAN KODAK CO

AI summary

A light-blocking article is designed to be lightweight but effective to block most incident actinic radiation and can be designed into fabrics, curtains, and other materials. Such an article has an opacifying layer that is capable of blocking predetermined electromagnetic radiation. The article contains (a) porous particles comprising a continuous polymeric binder and pores within the continuous polymeric binder, the porous particles having a glass transition temperature of at least 25° C. and a mode particle size of at least 2 μm and up to and including 50 μm. The article also contains an opacifying colorant that absorbs the predetermined electromagnetic radiation (such as within 400 nm to 700 nm), in an amount of at least 0.001 weight % based on the total dry weight of the opacifying layer, and a matrix polymer in which the porous particles and opacifying colorant are dispersed.