LiMnPO4 Cathode Coating for Conductive Carbon Adhesion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium battery positive electrode materials with high energy density and good electronic conductivity are difficult to achieve due to the challenges of obtaining complex oxides like LiMnPO4 and LiCoPO4 in the form of particles coated with an adherent carbon layer, which affects their electrochemical performance.

Innovation Solution

A positive electrode material comprising particles with a core of LiMnPO4, partially replaced by Co or Ni, coated with an oxide layer of a metal that has a catalytic effect on carbon deposition, such as Fe, Mo, Ni, Pt, or Pd, facilitating an adherent carbon layer formation without reducing operating potential, thereby enhancing electronic conductivity and energy density.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If LiMnPO4 particles are used as positive electrode material, then energy density is improved due to high operating potential (4.1 V), but electronic conductivity deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy densityVSAvoidelectronic conductivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by coating LiMnPO4 particles with a layer of FePO4 (or other metal phosphates) that catalyzes carbon deposition. This composite structure combines the high potential advantage of LiMnPO4 with improved electronic conductivity through the catalytic oxide layer that facilitates adherent carbon coating, resolving the contradiction between energy density and conductivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary substance (FePO4 or other metal phosphate coating) that acts as a catalyst for carbon deposition. This intermediary layer enables the formation of adherent carbon coatings on LiMnPO4 particles without requiring excessive carbon content, thus improving electronic conductivity while maintaining the high energy density benefits of LiMnPO4.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If LiFePO4 is used as positive electrode material, then electronic conductivity is improved through carbon coating, but energy density deteriorates due to low operating potential (3.5 V)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectronic conductivityVSAvoidenergy density
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by using a thin coating layer of metal phosphate (FePO4, CoPO4, NiPO4, etc.) on the surface of LiMnPO4 particles. This localized modification provides catalytic activity for carbon deposition only where needed on the particle surface, improving electronic conductivity without significantly altering the bulk composition and maintaining the high operating potential of LiMnPO4.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Reliability

If carbon coating is applied to complex oxide particles, then electronic conductivity is improved, but manufacturing precision deteriorates due to difficulty in obtaining adherent carbon layers

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectronic conductivityVSAvoidcarbon layer adhesion
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces metal phosphate compounds (FePO4, CoPO4, NiPO4, CuPO4, ZnPO4, MoPO4, Pt, or Pd) as intermediary coating layers that catalyze carbon deposition. These intermediary layers facilitate the formation of adherent carbon coatings on the oxide particles, solving the manufacturing precision problem of achieving uniform and adherent carbon layers while maintaining improved electronic conductivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies parameter changes by utilizing the catalytic properties of metal phosphates to alter the carbon deposition process. The presence of these catalytic materials changes the deposition parameters, enabling carbon to form adherent layers at lower carbon content levels and under more controllable conditions, thus improving manufacturing precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution allows for increased electronic conductivity while maintaining high energy density, as the catalytic oxide layer facilitates carbon deposition on the surface of the complex oxide particles, improving the material's performance as a lithium battery electrode.

Implementation Method 1

coated with an oxide layer of a metal that has a catalytic effect on carbon deposition, such as Fe, Mo, Ni, Pt, or Pd, facilitating an adherent carbon layer formation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCatalysis: Catalysis

Data Source

PatentEP2478580B1Material consisting of composite oxide particles, method for preparing same, and use thereof as electrode active material
Publication Date: 2021.12.08 HYDRO QUEBEC CORP
  • EP2478580B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2478580B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2478580B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The invention relates to a positive electrode material, consisting of particles having a complex oxide OC1 core, an at least partial complex oxide OC2 coating, and an adhesive carbon surface deposit. The material is characterized in that the complex oxide OC1 is an oxide having a high energy density and in that the oxide OC2 is an oxide of a metal having a catalytic effect on the reaction of the carbon deposit, the oxide having good electronic conductivity. The presence of the OC2 layer facilitates the deposit of a carbon adhesive layer at the surface of the oxide particles, and improves the conductivity of the material when the latter is used as an electrode material. The electrode material can particularly be used in the manufacture of a lithium battery.