Distributed LINAC Control via Digital Packet Network

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Solution Overview

Problem

The complexity of controlling Linear Accelerator (LINAC) systems in radio-surgery limits the ability to implement certain treatment plans due to the need for precise coordination of gantry movements, collimator adjustments, and radiation dosage, which is difficult to manage with existing control systems.

Innovation Solution

A distributed control system is introduced, comprising a supervisor and nodes connected via a digital-packet network, which coordinates the operation of gantry, beam generator, multi-leaf collimator, patient support, and imaging systems, allowing for real-time status monitoring and control of mechanical and electrical parameters, and enabling redundant command structures for fault tolerance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a LINAC system is used to deliver radio-surgery, then the ability to generate variable energy X-rays and move the patient in space is improved, but the control complexity increases due to the need to coordinate gantry rotation, collimator jaw movements, and radiation dosage delivery

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetreatment plan flexibilityVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The control system is divided into independent modules: a treatment plan manager that handles high-level treatment coordination, and separate controller modules for each component (gantry, collimator, patient support, imaging systems). Each controller receives commands from the treatment plan manager and executes them independently, reducing the complexity of coordinating multiple moving parts while maintaining treatment flexibility

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Manufacturing precision

If real-time coordination of multiple system components is implemented, then treatment precision is improved, but the difficulty of detecting and measuring system status increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradiation delivery precisionVSAvoidsystem status monitoring complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

Each controller module continuously monitors its own component status and reports to the treatment plan manager. The system receives real-time feedback about gantry position, collimator jaw positions, patient support location, and imaging system status. This feedback loop enables precise coordination by allowing the treatment plan manager to adjust commands based on actual system state, while the modular architecture makes monitoring manageable through distributed status reporting

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This system enables precise and efficient control of radiation treatment, minimizing radiation impact on healthy tissue while ensuring accurate tumor targeting, and allows for advanced techniques like dynamic treatments by synchronizing beam, motion, and imaging operations.

Implementation Method 1

A LINAC produces X-rays from the impact of accelerated electrons striking a metal target (usually tungsten)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBremsstrahlung radiation:

Implementation Method 2

as the gantry rotates about the patient, the jaws and leaves of the collimator must be varied

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRotation:

Implementation Method 3

the jaws and leaves of the collimator must be varied, and the signals to the linear accelerator must be varied

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCollimation:

Data Source

PatentEP2558161B1Radiation treatment systems
Publication Date: 2019.06.05 VARIAN MEDICAL SYSTEMS INC
  • EP2558161B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2558161B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2558161B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

Disclosed are radiation treatment systems with enhanced control architectures that enable more complex treatment plans to be implemented, and radiation treatment systems with enhanced resistance to the effect of neutrons. An exemplary control architectures comprises: a digital packet network; a supervisor electrically coupled to the digital packet network and having a treatment plan; and a plurality of nodes, each node coupled to digital packet network and controlling one or more treatment-related components of the radiation treatment system; and wherein the supervisor periodically communicates control orders to the nodes over the digital packet network.