Linear Actuator Torque Sensing for End-of-Travel Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

In the space field, adding sensors to mini linear actuators to measure failure, position, and stroke information is complicated, costly, and often results in inaccurate and unreliable data due to size and weight constraints, as seen in prior art like US 2002/074866, which requires additional sensors increasing bulk and weight.

Innovation Solution

A mechanical linear actuator utilizing strain gauges interconnected to form a Wheatstone bridge, coupled with a reduction device and elastic mechanical stops, allows for reliable position and abnormal operation detection without increasing size or weight, using strain gauges to generate signals for start and end of travel detection and anomaly monitoring.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If additional sensors are added to measure actuator position and detect failures, then measurement precision and reliability improve, but device complexity, size, and weight increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveposition sensing accuracyVSAvoidsensor system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The actuator structure itself serves as the sensing element. The flexible element with embedded strain gauges directly measures the forces and positions within the actuator, eliminating the need for separate external sensors. The structure provides its own measurement capability through the strain gauges integrated into the flexible element.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The flexible element serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides mechanical support, enables motion transformation, and acts as a sensing element through the embedded strain gauges. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate dedicated sensing components, thereby reducing overall device complexity and weight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If additional sensors are added to detect actuator state, then reliability improves, but weight increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveactuator operation reliabilityVSAvoidactuator weight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The actuator's flexible element with strain gauges provides self-monitoring capability, detecting forces and positions inherent to its operation. This self-service approach to reliability monitoring eliminates the need for additional weight-bearing sensor components while maintaining continuous surveillance of actuator health and position.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Reliability

If mechanical stops are made elastic to prevent damage, then reliability improves, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveactuator protection reliabilityVSAvoidstop positioning precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The mechanical stops are made elastic, changing their physical parameter from rigid to flexible. This elasticity allows the stops to deform under load, providing a cushioning effect that prevents damage from abrupt impacts while still maintaining precise positioning control through the strain gauge measurements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution provides a compact, reliable, and cost-effective means to improve actuator reliability by reducing the number of sensors needed, enabling accurate position sensing and anomaly detection, while preventing damage by cutting off power supply before maximum torque is reached, thus maintaining actuator integrity.

Implementation Method 1

a group of at least one strain gauge (21) placed on a force path (30) of the actuator and connected to a control module (15), said strain gauge group (21) being configured to generate a signal representative of a detected torque or force

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStrain gauge piezoresistive effect: Piezoresistive Effect

Implementation Method 2

the strain gauge group comprises at least four strain gauges, said gauges being connected together so as to form at least one Wheatstone bridge

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWheatstone bridge measurement principle: Wheatstone Bridge

Implementation Method 3

at least one mechanical stop is made of an elastic material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElastic deformation: Elasticity

Data Source

PatentEP3165793B1Linear actuator and corresponding method
Publication Date: 2021.10.06 THALES SA
  • EP3165793B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2a
  • EP3165793B1 patent drawingFigure 2b~3
  • EP3165793B1 patent drawingFigure 4a

AI summary

The present invention relates to a control device for a linear actuator, comprising a motor (11) coupled to a device for transforming a rotational motion into a translational motion (13) configured to move a movable part (14) in translation. The actuator includes at least one mechanical stop (132) located on a fixed part of said actuator, the group of at least one mechanical stop being configured to prevent the relative helical movement of a pin (22) of the moving part in translation when the pin reaches at least one predetermined position, the contact of said pin with a stop generating a torque.The control device further includes a control module connected to at least one strain gauge (21) configured to generate a signal representative of the detected torque, the control module being configured to compare the amplitude of the signal generated by the group of at least one strain gauge to at least one predetermined value.