LiPO2F2 Additive Electrolyte for Fast Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium-ion batteries have a relatively long charging time, which restricts their application, especially in electric vehicles, where a full charge requires over an hour, compared to conventional gasoline vehicles that can refuel in minutes.
Innovation Solution
A lithium-ion battery design with a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and/or ethyl propionate (EP) and LiPO2F2, along with optimized electrode plate thickness and composition, to achieve a discharge direct current internal resistance that allows charging to 80% in less than 20 minutes at a rate of 3 C or more.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of time
If conventional lithium-ion batteries use standard electrolyte composition and charging protocols, then battery stability and capacity are maintained, but charging time becomes excessively long (over one hour for full charge)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by introducing specific additives (LiPO2F2 at 0.01-5 wt%, VC at 0.1-5 wt%, and FB at 0.1-5 wt%) to modify the electrochemical properties. This enables faster ion transport and reduced polarization, achieving 80% charge in 20 minutes while maintaining battery stability through controlled parameter optimization
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces intermediary substances (VC and FB additives) that mediate between the electrolyte and electrode surfaces. These intermediaries form protective SEI films that facilitate faster lithium ion insertion/extraction kinetics, enabling rapid charging without compromising battery reliability or causing excessive polarization
2Productivity
If charging rate is increased to reduce charging time, then charging speed improves, but polarization increases and charging cut-off voltage is reached quickly, transitioning to constant voltage stage and prolonging total charging time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies electrolyte composition parameters to reduce internal resistance and polarization effects. The specific additive concentrations (LiPO2F2: 0.01-5 wt%, VC: 0.1-5 wt%, FB: 0.1-5 wt%) are optimized to maintain low polarization even at high charging rates (3C or higher), allowing the battery to stay in constant current charging stage longer and achieve 80% charge in 20 minutes
3Quantity of substance
If electrode plate thickness is increased to improve energy density, then battery capacity increases, but ion transport distance increases and charging time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the electrolyte composition parameters to enhance ionic conductivity and reduce transport resistance. The optimized additive配方 enables efficient lithium ion transport even through thicker electrode plates, allowing simultaneous achievement of high capacity (5Ah or above) and fast charging (80% in 20 minutes) by decoupling the trade-off between quantity and speed
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The battery achieves fast charging performance with reduced lithium salt consumption and prolonged service life, maintaining high charging efficiency throughout its life.
Implementation Method 1
a migration speed of ions (such as lithium ions) in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution
Implementation Method 2
The non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, an electrolyte salt, and an additive
Implementation Method 3
a diffusion speed of ions (such as lithium ions) in an SEI film
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a battery, including a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, an electrolyte salt, and an additive. The non-aqueous organic solvent includes EMC and/or EP, and the additive includes LiPO2F2. The battery in the present disclosure has a small direct current internal resistance in a high SOC, which may greatly prolong a constant current charging time of the battery during a charging process, thereby achieving an effect of fast charging. Moreover, consumption of the electrolyte salt in the electrolyte solution may be significantly reduced due to introduction of LiPO2F2, so that fast charging performance of the battery is not decreased during entire service life.