Temperature-Controlled Switch Element Using Liquid Crystalline Gel

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current smart window technologies fail to automatically adapt to environmental conditions, require electrical connections, and are prone to damage due to liquid layers, making them inefficient and difficult to install and maintain.

Innovation Solution

A temperature-controlled switching element composed of a mixture of liquid-crystalline compounds and polymers, which changes its light transmission properties based on temperature, eliminating the need for electrical control and enhancing durability by using a gel-like switching layer.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If electrically switchable devices are used to control light passage, then light transmission can be regulated, but electrical connections are required which increase installation effort and maintenance requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight transmission controlVSAvoidelectrical connections
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces electrical control systems with a thermally activated liquid crystalline medium that automatically changes its light transmission properties in response to temperature changes. This eliminates the need for electrical connections, control wiring, and power sources, significantly simplifying the device structure while maintaining light regulation functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The liquid crystalline medium performs the switching function autonomously based on environmental temperature conditions without requiring external control signals or power supply. The system self-regulates light passage through the phase transition of the liquid crystalline material, eliminating the need for complex electrical control infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Extent of automation

If a liquid layer containing liquid crystalline medium is used for temperature-reactive switching, then voltage-free operation is achieved, but the device becomes more susceptible to damage and liquid can be pushed out

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage-free switchingVSAvoiddamage susceptibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Extent of automationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite material system by combining liquid crystalline compounds with monomer compounds that polymerize to form a gel-like network. This composite structure maintains the temperature-responsive properties of the liquid crystalline medium while the polymer network provides structural integrity, preventing leakage and increasing mechanical stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the physical state of the liquid crystalline medium from a free-flowing liquid to a gel-like state through polymerization. This parameter change maintains the material's responsiveness to temperature changes while fundamentally improving its mechanical properties, including resistance to damage and prevention of material ejection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Stability of the object's composition

If polymer network liquid crystal mixtures are used, then the switching layer becomes more stable, but the mixture becomes cloudy or light-scattering

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching layer stabilityVSAvoidlight transmission
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSIllumination intensity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent carefully controls the local composition and structure of the polymer network within the liquid crystalline medium. By optimizing the monomer selection, polymerization conditions, and crosslinking density, the invention achieves a homogeneous gel structure that maintains optical clarity while providing the desired mechanical stability and preventing light scattering.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides energy-efficient, automatically adaptive, and aesthetically pleasing smart windows that can be easily installed and maintained, with adjustable light transmission to optimize energy usage and comfort in varying climatic conditions.

Implementation Method 1

The switching between a state with higher light transmission and a state with lower light transmission is achieved by a phase transition of the liquid crystalline medium from a nematic state to an isotropic state

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase transition: Phase Change

Implementation Method 2

temperature-reactive devices are disclosed which contain a liquid crystalline medium in a layer between two polarizers. The switching between a state with higher light transmission and a state with lower light transmission is achieved by a phase transition of the liquid crystalline medium

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermochromism: Thermochromism

Data Source

PatentEP2771735B1Switch element comprising a liquid crystalline medium
Publication Date: 2018.01.24 MERCK PATENT GMBH
  • EP2771735B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2771735B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2771735B1 patent drawing

AI summary

The invention relates to a temperature-controlled switch element for regulating light transmission. The invention further relates to a mixture comprising at least one liquid crystalline bond, at least one monomer bond, which represents a mono-functional bond, and at least one monomer bond, which represents a multi-functional bond. The invention further relates to the use of the cited mixture for producing the switch element according to the invention.