Lithium Primary Battery Electrolyte for Low-Temperature Capacity Retention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium primary batteries experience a significant decrease in discharge capacity in low temperature environments after storage, particularly when stored at high temperatures for extended periods, due to the formation of a surface film that inhibits lithium ion transfer and self-discharge.
Innovation Solution
A lithium primary battery design incorporating a positive electrode with LixMnO2, a negative electrode with metal lithium or lithium alloy, and a liquid non-aqueous electrolyte containing a cyclic imide component and an organic silyl borate component, with specific concentration and ratio ranges to form a surface film with enhanced lithium ion conductivity and reduced self-discharge.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a liquid non-aqueous electrolyte including phthalimide is used in a lithium primary battery, then the internal resistance increase is suppressed and charge-discharge cycle characteristics are improved, but the discharge capacity in low temperature environment after storage decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by introducing a specific cyclic carboxylate component (0.01-5 mass%) in combination with phthalimide, and optimizes the concentration ratio between these components to achieve improved low-temperature discharge capacity while maintaining cycle characteristics
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite electrolyte system by combining phthalimide with a specific cyclic carboxylate component (such as γ-butyrolactone), where the synergistic interaction between these components produces a surface film that simultaneously provides good cycle stability and low-temperature performance
2Stability of the object's composition
If the battery is stored at high temperature for extended periods, then the surface film formation is enhanced, but the discharge capacity in low temperature environment after storage decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the concentration and composition parameters of the electrolyte additives to control the surface film formation process during high-temperature storage, achieving a film that maintains ion conductivity while providing protection
Solution Approach 2:
The cyclic carboxylate component acts as an intermediary substance that mediates between the electrode surface and the phthalimide, facilitating the formation of a surface film with balanced properties (protection and conductivity) that performs well both after storage and in low-temperature conditions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed battery design effectively suppresses the decrease in discharge capacity in low temperature environments by forming a dense surface film that maintains high conductivity and reduces self-discharge, ensuring reliable performance even after long-term storage.
Implementation Method 1
the liquid non-aqueous electrolyte contains a cyclic imide component and an organic silyl borate component... to form a surface film with enhanced lithium ion conductivity
Implementation Method 2
forming a dense surface film that maintains high conductivity and reduces self-discharge
Data Source
AI summary
A lithium primary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a liquid non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode contains a positive electrode material mixture including LixMnO2 where 0≤x≤0.05. The negative electrode contains at least one of metal lithium and a lithium alloy. The liquid non-aqueous electrolyte contains a cyclic imide component and an organic silyl borate component. The concentration of the cyclic imide component in the liquid non-aqueous electrolyte is 1 mass % or less, the concentration of the organic silyl borate component in the liquid non-aqueous electrolyte is 5.5 mass % or less, and the mass ratio of the cyclic imide component to the organic silyl borate component contained in the liquid non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.02 or more and 10 or less.