Lithium Primary Battery Electrolyte for High-Temperature Storage Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium primary batteries experience an increase in internal resistance and a decrease in discharge performance during high temperature storage, despite the use of non-aqueous electrolytes with additives like phthalimide, which is insufficiently suppressed, leading to reduced battery capacity and potential gas generation.

Innovation Solution

A lithium primary battery configuration that includes a positive electrode with LixMnO2, a negative electrode with metal lithium or lithium alloy, and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a cyclic imide or pyrrole component and an oxalate phosphate complex component, with specific concentration and mass ratio conditions to form a chemically and thermally stable coating film that suppresses internal resistance and self-discharge.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Duration of action of stationary object

If high temperature storage is performed, then battery availability is maintained, but internal resistance increases and discharge capacity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvestorage availabilityVSAvoiddischarge capacity

Core Design Contradiction:

Duration of action of stationary objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The electrolyte composition is designed to preemptively form stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films during initial cycles and storage periods. This preliminary film formation prevents subsequent degradation reactions, maintaining discharge capacity even after prolonged high temperature storage. The cyclic carbonate components initiate this protective film formation in advance.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs a cost-effective electrolyte formulation using common carbonate solvents and lithium salts that can withstand high temperature storage conditions. The electrolyte composition is optimized to provide adequate performance throughout the battery's service life without requiring expensive specialized additives, accepting that some gradual degradation occurs but maintaining usable capacity.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Significantly reduces the increase in internal resistance and maintains discharge capacity during high temperature storage by forming a stable coating film with excellent lithium ion conductivity, preventing side reactions and gas generation.

Implementation Method 1

forming a chemically and thermally stable coating film that suppresses internal resistance and self-discharge

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectCoating film formation: Deposition (physical)

Implementation Method 2

excellent lithium ion conductivity

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectIonic conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentUS20230369610A1Lithium primary battery and non-aqueous electrolytic solution for lithium primary battery

Publication Date: 2023.11.16 PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO LTD

AI summary

A lithium primary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode contains a positive electrode material mixture that contains LixMnO2 (0≤x≤0.05). The negative electrode contains at least one of metal lithium and a lithium alloy. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains at least one of a cyclic imide component and a parole component as a first component and an oxalate phosphate complex component as a second component. The concentration of the first component in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 1 mass % or less. The concentration of the second component in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 6 mass % or less. The mass ratio of the first component relative to the second component in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.02 or more and 10 or less.