Lithium Secondary Battery Iodine Release for Thermal Runaway Prevention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium-ion batteries face safety issues due to thermal runaway caused by exothermic reactions, and existing methods primarily focus on passive blocking of ion/electron migration pathways without addressing the root cause.
Innovation Solution
A lithium secondary battery design that includes a poisonous agent releasing iodine molecules to convert highly active lithium atoms into stable lithium compounds or ions at a predetermined temperature, effectively preventing thermal runaway.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If passive blocking methods (thermal shutdown separator, PTC resistance material, modified layer) are used to reduce ion/electron migration, then heat generation is reduced, but the root cause of thermal runaway (highly active lithium atoms) is not eliminated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful highly active lithium atoms into beneficial stable lithium compounds or lithium ions through chemical reaction with the poisonous agent. This transforms the root cause of thermal runaway (active lithium atoms causing exothermic reactions) into a stable state that cannot cause thermal runaway, thereby eliminating the safety hazard at its source rather than merely blocking its effects
Solution Approach 2:
The poisonous agent is pre-installed in the battery and automatically activates when temperature reaches the predetermined threshold. The agent releases poisonous substance that reacts with lithium atoms in advance before thermal runaway can occur, converting active lithium into stable compounds proactively rather than reactively blocking heat generation after thermal runaway has started
2Reliability
If monitoring systems and protection circuits are used outside the battery, then safety monitoring is enhanced, but the response time is delayed and cannot prevent thermal runaway at its source
Solution Approach 1:
The battery performs self-protection through the built-in poisonous agent that automatically detects temperature elevation and activates without external monitoring. The battery monitors its own temperature and self-administers the poisonous substance to convert active lithium atoms, eliminating the need for external monitoring systems and achieving instantaneous response without signal transmission delays
Solution Approach 2:
The poisonous agent is pre-positioned within the battery structure and activated automatically when temperature reaches the predetermined threshold. This preliminary preparation allows the battery to respond immediately to thermal runaway conditions without waiting for external detection and intervention, converting active lithium atoms in real-time as temperature rises
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The self-poisoning mechanism deactivates the negative active material, rendering the battery harmless and preventing thermal runaway, enhancing safety by converting lithium atoms into stable forms.
Implementation Method 1
the iodine molecules react with the lithium atoms with high activity to form a stable lithium compounds or lithium ions
Data Source
Figure 1(a)
Figure 1(b)
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AI summary
The invention provides a lithium secondary battery capable of self-poisoning, which includes a poisonous agent releasing iodine molecules in the lithium secondary battery. The unstable lithium atoms in the lithium secondary battery would be transformed into stable lithium compounds or lithium ions before the temperature of the lithium secondary battery reaches the abnormally high temperature caused by itself. The negative active material of the lithium secondary battery is deactivated to avoid thermal runaway of the lithium secondary battery.