Non-aqueous Lithium Extraction via Polyethylenediimine Substrates

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current ion extraction methods, particularly for lithium, often rely on hazardous chemicals and are expensive, making them inefficient and costly for mining and environmental purification applications.

Innovation Solution

A method involving an ion capture substrate with polyethylenediimine or polymethylethylenediimine moieties covalently attached to an immobilization substrate, used in conjunction with an organic solvent like tetrahydrofuran, to selectively extract lithium ions from liquid sources, allowing for high extraction efficiency and substrate regeneration.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If traditional chelating agents are used for lithium extraction, then extraction can occur, but hazardous chemicals are required and costs are high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehazardous chemicalsVSAvoidextraction cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical parameters by using polyethylenediimine and polymethylethylenediimine moieties instead of traditional hazardous chelating agents. These alternative compounds provide effective lithium extraction without the harmful properties of conventional reagents, thereby reducing both hazard levels and associated costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The ion capture substrate with polyethylenediimine or polymethylethylenediimine moieties is designed as a cost-effective alternative to expensive traditional chelating agents. The substrate can be regenerated and reused, providing an economical solution that reduces both initial cost and long-term operational expenses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Productivity

If lithium extraction is performed using conventional methods, then some extraction occurs, but extraction efficiency is low

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveextraction efficiencyVSAvoidextraction consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs composite ion capture substrates containing polyethylenediimine or polymethylethylenediimine moieties combined with appropriate solvents. This composite approach enhances extraction efficiency by leveraging the synergistic effects of the polymeric structure and solvent properties, achieving greater than 90% lithium removal with consistent results.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Productivity

If lithium extraction is performed in aqueous conditions, then extraction can proceed, but lithium's high affinity for water prevents effective extraction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelithium extraction rateVSAvoidwater affinity interference
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates an inert non-aqueous environment by using organic solvents in conjunction with the ion capture substrate. This inert environment prevents water from interfering with the extraction process by eliminating water-lithium interactions, thereby enabling effective lithium extraction despite lithium's high natural affinity for water.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method achieves greater than 90% lithium ion extraction with selective removal, using non-aqueous conditions and organic solvents like THF, overcoming the challenges of lithium's high affinity for water and providing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional chelating agents.

Implementation Method 1

contacting a liquid ion source comprising ions with an ion capture substrate in the presence of an organic solvent, wherein the ion capture substrate comprises a plurality of polyethylenediimine moieties or a plurality of polymethylethylenediimine moieties

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCoordination chemistry:

Implementation Method 2

The organic solvent can be tetrahydrofuran. In some embodiments, the organic solvent can be a non-aqueous organic solvent.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolvation: Solvation

Implementation Method 3

the step of regenerating comprise contacting the ion capture substrate with an acidic solution or a solution comprising a ligand having a greater affinity for an ion captured by the ion capture substrate than the ion capture substrate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon exchange: Ion Exchange

Data Source

PatentUS10596488B1Lithium ion extraction methods
Publication Date: 2020.03.24 UNIV OF SOUTH FLORIDA

AI summary

Described herein are compositions for non-aqueous lithium ion extraction and methods of non-aqueous lithium ion extraction. In some embodiments, Octolig® or a methyl derivative thereof can be used to extract lithium and/or other ions from a non-aqueous substrate.