Lithium Fluoride Solid Electrolytes for Safe Battery Conductivity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional Li-ion batteries face safety risks due to flammable organic solvents and stability issues with existing solid-state lithium ion conductors, which limit their use in large-scale energy storage and require materials with high Li+ conductivity, low activation energy, and stability against electrochemical degradation.
Innovation Solution
Development of novel lithium fluoride compounds with specific chemical formulas, such as Liy(M1)x1GaF6 and LiyTiF6, which exhibit lithium ion conductivity between 0.005 to 10 mS/cm at 300K and activation energy between 0.2 to 0.50 eV, forming stable crystal lattice structures suitable for solid-state lithium ion batteries and protective electrode coatings.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If flammable organic solvents are used as electrolyte components, then Li-ion battery performance is improved, but safety risks increase due to flammability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical state of the electrolyte from liquid to solid by using lithium fluoride compounds with specific crystal structures. This parameter change eliminates flammability while maintaining ionic conductivity, as the solid-state fluoride materials conduct Li+ ions effectively without the safety hazards of organic solvents.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses composite lithium fluoride compounds containing multiple elements (e.g., Li, Ga, F, and dopants like Al, Si, P) to achieve both high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability. The composite structure allows optimization of both performance and safety properties simultaneously.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If conventional solid Li-ion conductors are used, then safety is improved, but stability against electrochemical degradation deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the crystal structure parameters of lithium fluoride compounds by introducing dopants and controlling stoichiometry. These parameter changes enhance both ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, allowing the material to resist degradation while maintaining safety advantages.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs composite lithium fluoride materials with specific elemental compositions that provide inherent stability against electrochemical degradation. The multi-element composition creates a more robust crystal structure that resists breakdown during battery cycling.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If existing solid-state lithium ion conductors are used, then flammability is reduced, but Li+ conductivity and activation energy performance deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes key parameters including ionic conductivity (targeting ≥10⁻⁶ S/cm at room temperature) and activation energy (minimizing to ≤0.5 eV) through controlled doping and crystal structure engineering. These parameter optimizations enable high-performance solid-state conduction without flammability.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces local structural modifications through dopant atoms positioned at specific sites within the crystal lattice. These local quality changes create favorable pathways for Li+ ion transport, enhancing conductivity while maintaining the overall structural integrity and safety of the solid-state material.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
These materials provide enhanced lithium ion conductivity, stability, and low grain boundary resistance, addressing safety concerns and enabling the development of more efficient and stable solid-state lithium batteries with improved performance and safety.
Implementation Method 1
A primary function of the solid Li-ion conductive phase, usually called solid Li-ion conductor or solid state electrolyte, is to conduct Li+ ions from the anode side to the cathode side during discharge and from the cathode side to the anode side during charge
Data Source
AI summary
Solid-state lithium ion electrolytes of lithium fluoride based composites are provided which contain an anionic framework capable of conducting lithium ions. Composites of specific formulae are provided and methods to alter the composite materials with inclusion of aliovalent ions shown. Lithium batteries containing the composite lithium ion electrolytes are provided. Electrodes containing the lithium fluoride based composites are also provided.