Pseudo-Solid Lithium Gel Layer for Dendrite-Resistant Anode-Free SSBs

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Solution Overview

Problem

Dendrite formation during lithium ion battery charging leads to potential short circuits, overheating, and fire risks due to lithium ion deposition on the anode surface, which existing technologies have not adequately addressed.

Innovation Solution

An anode-free solid-state battery design incorporating a lithium gel separator layer and an anti-dendrite layer, which includes a scaffolding material, salt, solvent, and additives, to inhibit dendrite growth by reducing nucleation energy and promoting even lithium deposition across the anode surface.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If lithium ions plate onto the anode surface during charging, then lithium storage capacity increases, but dendrite formation occurs leading to short circuit risks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelithium storage capacityVSAvoidshort circuit risk
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A bismuth-based anti-dendrite layer is introduced as an intermediary between the lithium gel separator layer and the anode current collector layer. This intermediate layer modifies the lithium ion deposition interface, promoting uniform nucleation and preventing dendrite formation while maintaining high lithium storage capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The bismuth-based layer provides localized modification at the anode interface where lithium deposition occurs. By concentrating the anti-dendrite functionality in this specific region rather than modifying the entire battery structure, the solution achieves reliable dendrite prevention while preserving overall battery performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Ease of manufacture

If a traditional anode structure is used, then lithium ion acceptance is straightforward, but dendrite formation is encouraged due to high nucleation energy

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveanode structure simplicityVSAvoiddendrite formation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The bismuth-based anti-dendrite layer serves as a mediating interface that simplifies the manufacturing process by providing a ready-made template for uniform lithium deposition. This layer eliminates the need for complex anode structures while effectively preventing dendrite formation through its inherent surface properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Stability of the object's composition

If the anti-dendrite layer has strong adhesion to the anode current collector, then structural stability improves, but lithium ion deposition uniformity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelayer adhesion stabilityVSAvoidlithium deposition uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The adhesion properties of the bismuth-based layer are optimized to provide sufficient structural stability while maintaining appropriate lithium ion deposition characteristics. The layer's composition and thickness are locally tuned to achieve the right balance between mechanical stability and deposition uniformity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The design effectively prevents dendrite formation, ensuring safer battery operation with reduced risk of short circuits and enhancing lithium ion mobility, thereby improving battery performance and safety.

Implementation Method 1

lithium ions migrate from battery's cathode to the battery's anode through a separator located between the cathode and anode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIonic conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

The nucleation energy associated with the anode may encourage lithium ions to plate on top of other lithium that has already plated onto the anode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNucleation: Nucleation

Data Source

PatentEP4005015B1Anode-free solid state battery having a pseudo-solid lithium gel layer
Publication Date: 2026.02.25 TERAWATT TECHNOLOGY INC
  • EP4005015B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4005015B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4005015B1 patent drawingFigure 3A

AI summary

In various embodiments, an anti-dendrite anode-free solid-state battery (SSB) are presented. The SSB can include a cathode layer; an anode current collector layer; and a lithium gel separator layer between the cathode layer and the anode current collector layer. An anti-dendrite layer may also be present located between the lithium gel separator layer and the anode current collector layer. The anti-dendrite layer can help discourage dendrite formation.