Lithium-Ion Anode Composition for Fast Charging Without Lithium Plating
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current lithium-ion batteries with graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, or Si—C composite negative materials have limited fast charging ability and safety concerns due to lithium plating, necessitating the development of a more efficient fast charging solution.
Innovation Solution
A fast charging lithium-ion battery design incorporating a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate with titanium niobium oxide or lithium titanate as negative active material layers, and an electrolyte, where the ratio of the effective area to the thickness of the negative active material layers is greater than 2×105 mm, enhancing electron/ion transmission and charging/discharging rates.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional negative materials (graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, Si-C) are used, then the battery structure is simple and manufacturing is easy, but the fast charging ability is limited and lithium plating safety issues occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the material parameter of the negative electrode from conventional graphite/carbon materials to titanium niobium oxide, fundamentally altering the electrochemical properties to enable fast charging. This material substitution transforms the insertion mechanism and improves ion transport kinetics, directly resolving the fast charging limitation while maintaining battery structure simplicity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs titanium niobium oxide as a composite negative electrode material that combines the advantages of both titanium oxide and niobium oxide. This composite structure provides enhanced electrical conductivity, improved structural stability during cycling, and optimized lithium ion insertion/extraction pathways, thereby achieving both fast charging capability and safety without significant structural complexity
2Productivity
If fast charging is achieved with conventional materials, then charging speed increases, but lithium plating occurs causing safety concerns
Solution Approach 1:
By changing the negative electrode material to titanium niobium oxide, the patent fundamentally alters the electrochemical window and insertion mechanism. This material has a more favorable potential profile and faster ion diffusion coefficients, enabling high charging rates without reaching the conditions that cause lithium plating on conventional graphite materials
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the potential harm of rapid lithium insertion into a benefit by using titanium niobium oxide's unique properties. The material's open crystal structure and high ionic conductivity transform what would be a plating risk into efficient, safe lithium storage, turning the fast charging demand into an advantage rather than a hazard
3Speed
If the effective area to thickness ratio of negative active material layers is increased, then electron and ion transmission improves and charging rate increases, but manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the thickness parameter of the negative active material layer to achieve the desired effective area to thickness ratio. By controlling the layer thickness within a specific range, the design ensures high electron and ion transmission rates while maintaining manufacturability through standard coating and drying processes
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The battery achieves faster charging and discharging rates with improved capacity retention, addressing safety concerns and expanding its application field by increasing the lithium-ion battery's market competitiveness.
Implementation Method 1
The material of the negative active material layers includes titanium niobium oxide, lithium titanate or a combination thereof
Implementation Method 2
The electrolyte contacts the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate
Data Source
AI summary
A fast charging lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and an electrolyte. The positive electrode plate includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layers. The negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and negative active material layers. The negative active material layers include titanium niobium oxide, lithium titanate, or a combination thereof. The separator is disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The electrolyte contacts the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The negative active material layers have an effective area corresponding to the positive electrode plate. The negative active material layers have a thickness on one surface of the negative current collector. A ratio of the effective area to the thickness is greater than 2×105 mm.