Lithium Manganese Oxide Cathode with Boron Stabilization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium cobalt oxide cathodes have limited electric capacity and structural instability, while lithium manganese oxides prepared at high temperatures have unstable structures, and those at low temperatures have reduced cycle characteristics due to increased specific surface area.

Innovation Solution

A cathode active material comprising lithium manganese oxide with a spinel structure and boron elements, having primary particles of 3-6 μm diameter and a specific XRD peak intensity ratio, is prepared by mixing lithium, manganese, and boron-based compounds and calcinating at 700-900°C, enhancing crystallinity and stability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If lithium manganese oxide is prepared at high temperature, then the structure is more stable, but the specific surface area increases and cycle characteristics deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural stabilityVSAvoidcycle characteristics
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the preparation temperature parameter from conventional high temperature (900-1100°C) to low temperature (700-900°C), which reduces the specific surface area and improves cycle characteristics while maintaining structural stability through boron addition

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

Boron element acts as an intermediary substance that mediates between temperature and structural stability. The boron is disposed inside and on surfaces of primary particles, stabilizing the spinel structure at low preparation temperatures without increasing specific surface area

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Quantity of substance

If lithium cobalt oxide is used as cathode active material, then the electric capacity can be increased, but the cost increases and structural stability decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectric capacityVSAvoidstructural stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces expensive lithium cobalt oxide with cheaper lithium manganese oxide, accepting the shorter operational life of manganese oxide but extending it through boron stabilization, achieving cost reduction while maintaining adequate longevity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite system by incorporating boron element into lithium manganese oxide structure, combining the low cost and high capacity of manganese oxide with the structural stability normally provided by cobalt oxide

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Productivity

If the primary particle diameter is reduced, then the specific surface area increases and reactivity improves, but cycle characteristics and high-temperature stability deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovereactivityVSAvoidcycle characteristics
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the primary particle diameter parameter to a specific range (3-6 μm) that balances reactivity and cycle characteristics, and changes the preparation temperature to low temperature (700-900°C) to control specific surface area

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

Boron element serves as a stabilizing intermediary on particle surfaces, allowing smaller particles to maintain stability by preventing surface degradation and manganese dissolution, thus enabling high reactivity without sacrificing cycle life

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The resulting lithium battery exhibits improved charge and discharge characteristics, high-temperature stability, and suppressed manganese leakage, leading to enhanced performance and longevity.

Implementation Method 1

a lithium manganese oxide comprising primary particles having a spinel structure in which an X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak intensity ratio of I(111)/I(311) is 1.0 or more; and a boron element disposed on at least one position selected from the group consisting of inside the primary particles and on surfaces of the primary particles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSpinel structure stabilization:

Implementation Method 2

calcinating the dry mixture at a temperature of from 700 °C to 900°C

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal heating: Heating

Implementation Method 3

enhancing crystallinity and stability

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrystallization: Crystallisation

Data Source

PatentEP2477258B1Cathode active material, cathode and lithium battery including cathode active material, and method of preparing the cathode active material
Publication Date: 2021.06.23 SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD
  • EP2477258B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP2477258B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP2477258B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A cathode active material including: a lithium manganese oxide of which primary particles has a diameter of 1µm or more and which has a spinel structure in which an X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak intensity ratio of I(111)/I(311) is 1.0 or more; and a boron element disposed at least one position selected from the group consisting of inside the primary particles and on surfaces of the primary particles.