Lithium Primary Battery Electrolyte Additive for Storage Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium primary batteries with manganese dioxide as a cathode active material face issues with increased internal resistance and potential leakage due to electrolyte decomposition at elevated temperatures, and long-term storage at deep discharge stages, leading to device inoperability.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating hydroxyphthalimide (HPI) or its derivatives into the non-aqueous organic electrolytic solution at specific concentrations to form a coating that prevents manganese ion dissolution and deposition, thereby reducing internal resistance and enhancing storage capabilities.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If lithium primary batteries are stored at elevated temperatures, then the batteries can maintain their structure, but decomposition of the electrolytic solution produces gas and increases pressure leading to potential leakage

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveelectrolytic solution stabilityVSAvoidbattery leakage prevention

Core Design Contradiction:

Stability of the object's compositionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A coating layer is introduced as an intermediary between the electrolytic solution and the battery components. This coating layer mediates the interaction by preventing direct contact between the decomposing electrolytic solution and the battery structure, thereby preventing gas generation and pressure buildup while allowing the battery to be stored at elevated temperatures

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The chemical composition parameters of the electrolytic solution are changed by adding specific additives (cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate in specific ratios, along with fluoroethylene carbonate). These parameter changes modify the decomposition characteristics of the electrolytic solution at elevated temperatures, reducing gas production and pressure increase

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of operation

If lithium primary batteries are stored at deep depth of discharge, then the batteries can be ready for immediate use, but the internal resistance increases making the device inoperable

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveimmediate usabilityVSAvoidinternal resistance

Core Design Contradiction:

Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The battery is pre-charged to a specific state (not completely discharged) before storage, and a protective coating is formed in advance on the electrodes. This preliminary action prevents the formation of detrimental substances during storage while maintaining the battery in a ready-to-use state, avoiding the increase in internal resistance that would otherwise occur during deep discharge storage

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

3Duration of action of moving object

If the battery operates for long period with flat discharge characteristics, then the voltage drop is small until end stage, but the device suddenly stops at dead battery making it impossible to restart

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedischarge durationVSAvoidrestart capability

Core Design Contradiction:

Duration of action of moving objectVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

A protective coating layer is formed beforehand on the electrodes to cushion against the formation of detrimental substances during long-term storage at deep discharge. This prior cushioning prevents the chemical reactions that would otherwise occur during storage, maintaining the battery's ability to generate sufficient voltage for device restart even after prolonged storage

Inventive Principle:

Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The addition of HPI or its derivatives to the electrolytic solution effectively maintains battery voltage and reduces internal resistance, allowing for improved long-term storability and operational readiness of lithium primary batteries at elevated temperatures and end-stage discharge.

Implementation Method 1

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectCoating formation: Deposition (physical)

Implementation Method 2

when a battery is stored at elevated temperatures, decomposition of the electrolytic solution produces gas. The gas increases the pressure in the battery

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectDecomposition: Decomposition (biological)

Data Source

PatentUS9484585B2Non-aqueous organic electrolytic solution for lithium primary battery, and lithium primary battery

Publication Date: 2016.11.01 FDK CORP

AI summary

There is provided non-aqueous organic electrolytic solution for a lithium primary battery which can be stored for long period at elevated temperatures or at the end stage of discharge. Non-aqueous organic electrolytic solution 20 for lithium primary battery 1 having a cathode active material which is manganese dioxide and an anode active material which is either of lithium or lithium alloy includes a base electrolytic solution that is composed of organic solvent and supporting electrolyte and to which either one of hydroxyphthalimide or hydroxyphthalimide derivative is added as an additive. An amount of the additive which is added to the base electrolytic solution is 0.1 wt % or more and 5.0 wt % or less. It is more preferable that the amount of the additive which is added to the base electrolytic solution is 0.1 wt % or more and 1.0 wt % or less.