Lithium Silicate Glass Ceramic for Fast Machining and Heat-Hardened Strength

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium disilicate glass ceramics are difficult to machine due to their high strength, leading to high tool wear and slow processing, which is problematic for single-session dental restorations.

Innovation Solution

A lithium silicate glass ceramic with lithium metasilicate as the main crystal phase, comprising no more than 30 wt.-% of lithium metasilicate crystals, allowing for easy machining and subsequent conversion into high-strength dental products with excellent optical and chemical properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If conventional lithium disilicate glass ceramic is used, then high mechanical strength is achieved, but machining difficulty increases and tool wear increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical strengthVSAvoidmachining ease
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the crystal phase composition parameter by limiting lithium metasilicate to no more than 30 wt.-% and requiring lithium disilicate to be the main crystal phase. This parameter change creates a material with optimized balance between machinability and final strength, allowing the precursor to be easily machined while the final heat treatment achieves high mechanical strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Strength

If conventional lithium disilicate glass ceramic is used, then high mechanical strength is achieved, but machining speed decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical strengthVSAvoidmachining speed
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by first creating a precursor material with specific crystal phase composition that is optimized for easy machining, then performing the final strength-enhancing heat treatment after machining is complete. This allows high-speed machining of the precursor followed by conversion to the high-strength final product.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Productivity

If lithium metasilicate glass ceramic is used, then machining speed increases, but final mechanical strength decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemachining speedVSAvoidmechanical strength
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes phase transitions by controlling the crystal phase composition in the precursor (with lithium metasilicate limited to ≤30 wt.-%) to enable easy machining, then applying heat treatment to transform the material into the final high-strength state with lithium disilicate as the main crystal phase. This phase transition approach allows optimization of machining speed in the precursor stage and mechanical strength in the final stage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The lithium silicate glass ceramic can be machined faster than conventional lithium metasilicate glass ceramics, achieving high mechanical strength and chemical resistance after heat treatment, suitable for single-session dental restorations.

Implementation Method 1

This precursor is then subjected to further heat treatment to form the desired high-strength lithium disilicate glass ceramic

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat treatment: Heat Treatment

Implementation Method 2

a glass ceramic with lithium metasilicate as the main crystal phase is first produced as a precursor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrystallization: Crystallisation

Data Source

PatentUS12623954B2Lithium silicate glass ceramic with easy machinability
Publication Date: 2026.05.12 IVOCLAR VIVADENT AG

AI summary

A lithium silicate glass ceramic having lithium metasilicate as main crystal phase and having not more than 30 wt.-% of lithium metasilicate crystals.