Lithium Metal Sulfide Interfacial Coatings for Stable Solid-State Anodes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries react with many electrolytes, degrading both the anode material and electrolytes, which limits the energy density and stability of rechargeable batteries.
Innovation Solution
Incorporation of lithium metal sulfide coatings on the anode surface as an interfacial layer that is ionically conductive and electronically insulating, providing stability and protection against reactions with the solid-state electrolytes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If lithium metal anodes are used in solid-state batteries, then energy density is improved, but the anode reacts with electrolytes causing degradation
Solution Approach 1:
A lithium metal sulfide interfacial layer is introduced as an intermediary between the lithium metal anode and the solid-state electrolyte. This intermediate layer prevents direct contact and reaction between the anode and electrolyte, thereby resolving the contradiction by allowing high energy density lithium metal anodes to be used without degradation from electrolyte reactions.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses composite material structure consisting of lithium metal sulfide coating on lithium metal anode. The composite structure combines the high energy density benefit of lithium metal with the stability and protection provided by the lithium metal sulfide coating, resolving the contradiction between energy density and stability.
2Reliability
If conventional coating materials (e.g., Al2O3) are used, then stability is improved, but ionic conductivity is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the material parameters by selecting lithium metal sulfide with specific properties: band gap greater than 1 eV for stability, and ionic conductivity greater than 10^-4 S/cm for sufficient ion transport. This parameter optimization resolves the contradiction between stability and ionic conductivity that plagues conventional coating materials like Al2O3.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The lithium metal sulfide coatings enhance the stability and prevent degradation of the anode and electrolyte, increasing the energy density and improving the overall performance of solid-state batteries.
Implementation Method 1
the interfacial layer includes a lithium metal sulfide that exhibits a lithium stability score greater than that of Al2O3, a H2O stability score of greater than that of Al2O3, a band gap of greater than 1 eV, a probability of greater than 0.96 for ionic conductivity of greater than 10−4 S/cm
Implementation Method 2
Incorporation of lithium metal sulfide coatings on the anode surface as an interfacial layer that is ionically conductive and electronically insulating
Implementation Method 3
depositing on the anode material, following anode formation, a layer of lithium metal sulfide using the appropriate stoichiometric ratios of the metal constituents of the layer via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD)
Implementation Method 4
depositing on the anode material, following anode formation, a layer of lithium metal sulfide using the appropriate stoichiometric ratios of the metal constituents of the layer via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD)
Data Source
AI summary
An electrochemical cell includes a solid-state electrolyte, an anode, and an interfacial layer between the solid-state electrolyte and the anode, wherein the interfacial layer includes a lithium metal sulfide.