Artificial Liver Constructs via Multi-Cell Self-Assembly

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional 2D cell culture systems fail to replicate the complex intercellular and supracellular structures found in vivo, leading to low reproducibility, high variability, and scalability issues in 3D culture systems, which are essential for modeling in vivo organ physiology and function.

Innovation Solution

A cell composition comprising hepatocyte cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and cholangiocyte cells, combined with extracellular matrix proteins in an aqueous culture media, is used to create artificial liver constructs through methods like hanging drop culture or microfabricated molds, resulting in stable 3D structures that mimic in vivo liver architecture.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional 2D cell culture systems are used, then simplicity and ease of operation are maintained, but the ability to replicate in vivo organ physiology and function is poor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveability to replicate in vivo organ physiologyVSAvoidculture system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from conventional 2D cell culture to 3D tissue constructs, adding a spatial dimension that enables cells to self-organize into functional liver tissue architectures. This dimensional change allows replication of in vivo organ physiology while maintaining cultural simplicity through self-assembly mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Shape

If various fabrication methods such as weaving, electrospinning, bioprinting, micromachining, and molding are used to generate 3D scaffold structures, then structural complexity is improved, but reproducibility and manufacturing scalability deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improve3D scaffold structural complexityVSAvoidreproducibility
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs self-assembly mechanisms where cells spontaneously organize into 3D liver tissue structures without requiring complex external fabrication interventions. This self-organizing capability ensures high reproducibility and scalability while achieving the necessary structural complexity for functional liver tissue.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Shape

If various fabrication methods such as weaving, electrospinning, bioprinting, micromachining, and molding are used to generate 3D scaffold structures, then structural complexity is improved, but ease of manufacture deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improve3D scaffold structural complexityVSAvoiddifficulty in manufacturing
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs self-assembly mechanisms where cells spontaneously organize into 3D liver tissue structures without requiring complex external fabrication interventions. This self-organizing capability ensures high reproducibility and scalability while achieving the necessary structural complexity for functional liver tissue.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Reliability

If complex mixtures of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and cholangiocyte cells are used, then biological fidelity to in vivo liver tissue is improved, but construction difficulty and variability increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebiological fidelity to in vivo liver tissueVSAvoidcell mixture construction complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes the inherent self-organizing properties of liver cell types, where cells spontaneously sort and assemble into functional tissue architectures based on their biological characteristics. This self-assembly process simplifies the construction of complex multi-cellular liver tissue while maintaining high biological fidelity to in vivo liver physiology.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The artificial liver constructs demonstrate long-term viability, functional biomarker production, and metabolic capabilities comparable to native liver tissue, offering improved reproducibility and scalability for pharmacological and toxicological screening.

Implementation Method 1

a gravity-enforced self-assembly method

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGravity: Gravitation

Implementation Method 2

a gravity-enforced self-assembly method

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSelf-assembly: Self-Assembly

Implementation Method 3

functional biomarker production, and metabolic capabilities comparable to native liver tissue

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMetabolism: Fermentation

Data Source

PatentEP3362076B1Methods of producing in vitro liver constructs and uses thereof
Publication Date: 2024.07.03 WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES INC
  • EP3362076B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2B
  • EP3362076B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5
  • EP3362076B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7

AI summary

Provided herein are cell compositions useful for making artificial liver constructs. The cell composition my include, in combination, (a) hepatocyte cells, (b) Kuppfer cells, (c) hepatic stellate cells, (d) sinusoidal endothelial cells, and (e) cholangiocyte cells.