Low-Cement Ultra-High Performance Concrete Binder

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Solution Overview

Problem

The production of traditional cement-based ultra-high performance concretes results in high carbon dioxide emissions, posing an environmental and economic challenge due to the energy-intensive processes involved in manufacturing cement clinker.

Innovation Solution

A hydraulic binder composition comprising 17-55% Portland cement with specific particle sizes, at least 5% silica fume, and 36-70% of a mineral addition such as slag or limestone, which reduces the overall cement content and emissions, while maintaining high mechanical resistance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If conventional ultra-high-performance concrete formulations are used, then high compressive strength is achieved, but cement content becomes excessively high (700-1000 kg/m³)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompressive strengthVSAvoidcement content
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the particle size distribution of cement (D50 between 2-11 μm) and mineral additions (D50 between 15-150 μm), as well as optimizing the chemical composition (CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 contents). These parameter optimizations enable reduced cement content (17-55% in the binder) while maintaining ultra-high performance through improved packing density and reaction efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs composite materials by creating a multi-component binder system combining Portland cement with specific mineral additions (slag, fly ash, silica fume, limestone) in optimized proportions. This composite approach allows the system to achieve high strength through synergistic effects: cement provides early strength, while mineral additions contribute to long-term strength development and reduce the required cement quantity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Strength

If high cement content is used to achieve ultra-high performance, then compressive strength is improved, but carbon dioxide emissions increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompressive strengthVSAvoidcarbon dioxide emissions
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent reduces CO2 emissions by changing the composition parameters of the binder, specifically limiting cement content to 17-55% and incorporating 36-70% mineral additions. Since cement production (particularly clinker) is a major source of CO2, this parameter optimization directly reduces the carbon footprint while maintaining ultra-high performance through the synergistic composite system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent discards the conventional approach of relying heavily on cement by replacing 45-83% of cement with alternative mineral materials. This substitution strategy reduces dependence on high-CO2 cement production while recovering performance through the complementary properties of mineral additions that contribute to strength development

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

3Object-generated harmful factors

If cement content is reduced to lower CO2 emissions, then environmental impact is decreased, but achieving ultra-high performance becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecarbon dioxide emissionsVSAvoidcompressive strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent successfully achieves ultra-high performance with reduced cement content (17-55%) by implementing precise parameter changes in particle size distribution (D50 of cement: 2-11 μm, mineral additions: 15-150 μm) and chemical composition. These optimized parameters ensure efficient packing, enhanced interfacial transition zones, and improved hydration reactions, enabling compressive strengths ≥90 MPa at 28 days with lower cement content

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent overcomes the strength limitation of low-cement formulations by employing a carefully designed composite binder system. The combination of Portland cement with multiple mineral additions (slag, fly ash, silica fume, limestone) in specific proportions creates synergistic effects where each component contributes to different aspects of strength development, ensuring ultra-high performance is achieved despite reduced cement content

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The proposed binder composition achieves a significant reduction in CO2 emissions by lowering cement usage, achieving compressive strengths greater than or equal to 90 MPa at 28 days, thus addressing the environmental and economic concerns associated with traditional cement production.

Implementation Method 1

A hydraulic binder is a material that sets and hardens through hydration

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydration reaction: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentEP3157886B1Ultra-high performance concretes having a low cement content
Publication Date: 2019.04.03 HOLCIM TECHNOLOGY LTD

AI summary

The present invention relates to a hydraulic binder comprising, as percentage by mass: - from 17 to 55% of a Portland cement, the particles of which have a D50 of from 2 μm to 11 μm; - at least 5% of silica fume; - from 36 to 70% of a mineral addition A1, the particles of which have a D50 of from 15 to 150 μm; the sum of these percentages being from 80 to 100%; the sum of the percentages of cement and of silica fume being greater than 28%; the mineral addition A1 being selected from slags, pozzolanic additions or siliceous additions such as quartz, silico-calcareous mineral additions, calcareous additions such as calcium carbonate or mixtures thereof.