Low-Cobalt Ternary Cathode Surface Coating for Stable Li-Ion Kinetics

The patent applies local quality by creating a gradient distribution of Co element within the ternary material structure. The Co content is optimized to be higher at specific regions (such as surface or grain boundaries) where kinetic performance is critical, while maintaining lower overall Co content for cost reduction. This spatially varying composition allows different regions to serve different functions: high Co regions provide electronic conductivity and kinetic performance, while low Co regions reduce cost.

The patent employs composite materials strategy by combining ternary material with different phases or compositional regions. The composite structure includes Co-rich phases or regions that provide electronic conductivity pathways, embedded within a broader low-Co matrix. This composite approach maintains overall low Co content for cost efficiency while ensuring sufficient electronic conductivity through the Co-rich phases.

The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing the coating temperature parameter to a specific range that balances two competing requirements: high enough to ensure good kinetic performance through effective Co coating, but not excessively high to prevent degradation or ineffective coating of other oxide particles. The patent identifies and implements an optimal temperature window that simultaneously achieves both coating objectives.

The patent applies local quality by strategically positioning Co element in specific locations within the material structure where it provides maximum benefit for cycling stability. By concentrating Co in regions that experience the most stress during cycling (such as surface layers or interface regions), the patent maintains cycling stability with minimal overall Co content, thus reducing cost while preserving durability.