Low Density Absorbent Composition with Synergistic Clumping

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current absorbent materials for liquid spills lack superior absorbency, low density, low dustiness, and stability, often disintegrating upon contact with water or having inadequate clump strength, making them inefficient for large-scale spills and unsuitable for animal litter due to high density and dust issues.

Innovation Solution

A composition comprising a fine sorbent particulate and a coarse particulate with a multimodal particle size distribution, achieving enhanced absorbency and clump strength through a physical mixture that self-clumps and solidifies, with a dry density less than 880 kg/m3 and absorbency greater than 170%, utilizing materials like sodium bentonite and diatomaceous earth.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If low density absorbent materials are used, then ease of transport and handling is improved, but dustiness increases and clump strength decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of transport and handlingVSAvoiddustiness
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple absorbent materials (e.g., bentonite, diatomaceous earth, and other particulate absorbents) into a composite composition that maintains low density while reducing dustiness through the synergistic effects of the mixture. The composite structure allows materials to complement each other's strengths and mitigate their weaknesses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies physical parameters of the absorbent materials through controlled particle size distribution (combining fine and coarse particles) and moisture content adjustment. These parameter changes enable the material to maintain low density while improving handling characteristics and reducing dust generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Quantity of substance

If high absorbency materials are used, then liquid absorption capacity is improved, but density increases making transport and disposal more costly

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveabsorbencyVSAvoiddensity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSWeight of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes porous absorbent materials with high surface area to volume ratios, allowing significant liquid absorption capacity without proportionally increasing density. The porous structure enables capillary action and adsorption mechanisms that enhance absorbency while maintaining lightweight characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The composite composition combines materials with different density-absorbency characteristics to achieve high overall absorbency while maintaining low average density. The synergistic interaction between components allows the mixture to outperform individual materials in absorbency-to-density ratio.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Quantity of substance

If absorbent materials are used for animal litter, then absorbency is improved, but clump strength becomes insufficient for effective removal

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveabsorbencyVSAvoidclump strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent adjusts critical parameters including moisture content (maintaining 2.5-50% to prevent premature clumping), particle size distribution, and material composition to achieve the right balance between absorbency and clump strength. These parameter optimizations ensure that clumps form effectively after liquid absorption while maintaining ease of removal.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The composite formulation combines materials that work synergistically to provide both high absorbency and adequate clump strength. The mixture creates a cohesive structure that forms strong clumps for effective removal while maintaining the absorbency needed for animal litter applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

4Quantity of substance

If crystalline silica is present in absorbent materials, then absorbency is improved, but inhalation hazard increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveabsorbencyVSAvoidinhalation hazard
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent controls the particle size distribution parameters, combining fine and coarse particles in specific ratios. This parameter control ensures that crystalline silica, when present, is in forms that are less hazardous to inhale while maintaining the absorbency benefits. The coarse particle fraction helps mitigate the inhalation risk from fine crystalline silica particles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The composition demonstrates a significant increase in absorbency and clump strength, reducing dry density and dustiness, enabling effective liquid absorption and solidification while maintaining low handling and disposal costs, suitable for industrial and household applications.

Implementation Method 1

The composition may have an absorbency greater than about 170%

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 2

a fine sorbent particulate and a coarse particulate with a multimodal particle size distribution, achieving enhanced absorbency

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 3

The composition is self-clumping

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Implementation Method 4

self-clumps and solidifies

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdhesion: Adhesive

Data Source

PatentUS10440934B2Low density compositions with synergistic absorbance properties
Publication Date: 2019.10.15 EP MINERALS LLC

AI summary

A composition comprising a physical blend of discrete particulates such that the liquid absorbency is greater than the individual components and is greater than the expected absorbency based on the rule of mixtures. A composition comprising diatomaceous earth which may have a clump strength greater than 75% and in which the dry density may be less than 880 kg/m3 (55 lb/ft3). The compositions exhibit synergistic absorbance, light density, high clump strength, low dustiness, and are suitable for industrial and household absorption and solidification, animal litter, and soil amendment.