Low Density Frosting Fat Segmentation for Trans Fat Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

The challenge lies in reformulating low-density ready-to-spread frostings to eliminate trans fats while maintaining consumer expectations for taste, texture, density, and stability, as trans fats are undesirable in food products but replacing hydrogenated fats in established products is complex due to consumer preferences.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a combination of non-hydrogenated low trans fat-containing palm oil-based shortening and a crystal-enhancing fully-hydrogenated fat ingredient, which allows for aeration and stability in low-density frostings, ensuring less than 2% trans fat content and passing the Stir-Down test for stability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If hydrogenated fat is used in low-density frosting, then stability and texture are improved, but trans fat content increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrosting stabilityVSAvoidtrans fat content
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The fat component is segmented into multiple sources: non-hydrogenated palm oil-based shortening (primary fat), fully hydrogenated fat ingredient (for stability), and crystallization-enhancing fat ingredient. This segmentation allows each fat source to contribute specific properties while collectively achieving the desired balance of stability and low trans fat content.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The frosting uses a composite fat system combining non-hydrogenated palm oil-based shortening with fully hydrogenated fat and crystallization-enhancing fat ingredients. This composite approach creates a synergistic effect where the combination provides both the stability needed for low-density frosting and reduced trans fat content compared to traditional fully hydrogenated fats alone.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Object-affected harmful factors

If non-hydrogenated palm oil-based shortening is used, then trans fat content is reduced, but stability and texture deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetrans fat contentVSAvoidfrosting stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The invention merges non-hydrogenated palm oil-based shortening with fully hydrogenated fat ingredient and crystallization-enhancing fat ingredient. This combination allows the non-hydrogenated component to provide low trans fat content while the hydrogenated and crystallization-enhancing components compensate for any loss in stability and texture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The fully hydrogenated fat ingredient and crystallization-enhancing fat ingredient act as intermediaries that bridge the gap between non-hydrogenated palm oil-based shortening (low trans fat) and the stability requirements of traditional frostings. These intermediary components provide the necessary structural support and texture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Volume of stationary object

If density is reduced for whipped frosting, then aerability is improved, but stability against air cell collapse worsens

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrosting densityVSAvoidair cell stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of stationary objectVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the physical-chemical parameters of the fat system by incorporating fully hydrogenated fat and crystallization-enhancing fat ingredients. These parameter changes affect the melting point, crystallization behavior, and viscosity of the fat phase, enabling the formulation to maintain air cell stability at lower densities (0.75-0.95 g/cc) where traditional fats would fail.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The crystallization-enhancing fat ingredient specifically targets phase transition behavior to stabilize air cells. By controlling the crystallization process and phase structure of the fat matrix, the formulation maintains structural integrity at low density, preventing air cell collapse during storage and handling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution results in a low-density frosting with desirable organoleptic properties, stability over extended storage, and reduced trans fat content, meeting consumer expectations and commercial viability.

Implementation Method 1

The total fat ingredients exhibit a rate of crystallization profile having a percent solid fat measurement of at least 20 percent at 2.5 minutes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrystallization: Crystallisation

Implementation Method 2

The gas and cooled frosting base is aerated while cooling to form a low density frosting having a density of about 0.75 to 0.95 grams per cubic centimeter

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAeration: Aeration

Data Source

PatentEP3102050B1Low density frostings and methods
Publication Date: 2019.12.25 GENERAL MILLS INC
  • EP3102050B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3102050B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3102050B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to low density ready-to-spread frosting compositions and related methods. "Icing" and "frosting" are terms conventionally used to identity spreadable, semi-solid confectionery products that are applied as toppings to sweeten and decorate baked goods such as cakes, breads, cookies, and the like. Generally, icings and frostings can be categorized into several basic types depending in part on whether a particular product contains fat (generally shortening) or not, and whether or not the product is aerated.