Low-Friction Silicone Elastomers via High-Viscosity Crosslinking

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing addition-crosslinkable silicone compositions with low-viscosity silicone oils result in a delayed formation of a lubricating film, leading to a time- and temperature-dependent coefficient of friction, and subsequent contamination issues, as the oil exudes and forms an oily film on the surface, which is not immediately effective and is difficult to maintain.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating high-viscosity polydiorganosiloxanes with alkenyl groups and SiH-functional crosslinking agents, along with a non-functionalized polydiorganosiloxane and reinforcing fillers, to create silicone elastomers that reduce friction immediately after crosslinking without forming a greasy oil film, ensuring consistent and long-lasting low friction coefficients.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If low-viscosity silicone oils are added to reduce friction, then the coefficient of friction is reduced, but the oily film forms only after storage and causes contamination

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoefficient of frictionVSAvoidoily film formation and contamination
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the viscosity parameter of the silicone oil from low (5-1000 mPas) to high (5000-50,000,000 mPas), which fundamentally alters the oil's behavior. The high viscosity prevents exudation and film formation on the surface, while still providing friction reduction through the crosslinked network structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite system by crosslinking the high-viscosity silicone oil with silane crosslinking agents, forming a crosslinked silicone rubber network. This composite structure traps the oil molecules within the network, preventing their migration to the surface while maintaining the lubricating effect through the crosslinked architecture

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Ease of operation

If low-viscosity silicone oils are used, then friction is reduced over time, but the effect is delayed and depends on storage conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoefficient of frictionVSAvoidtime to achieve low friction
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary action by incorporating the high-viscosity silicone oil into the crosslinked network structure before the elastomer is put into service. The crosslinking process pre-positions the oil molecules within the network, ensuring immediate friction reduction upon crosslinking rather than requiring subsequent storage time for oil migration

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Ease of operation

If silicone oil migrates to the surface, then friction is reduced, but the oil film is unbound and easily removed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoefficient of frictionVSAvoiddurability of friction reduction
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a crosslinked composite structure where the silicone oil is chemically bound within the crosslinked network. The silane crosslinking agents form covalent bonds that trap the oil molecules, creating a durable, bound lubricating system that cannot be easily removed by wiping or mechanical contact

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution achieves immediate reduction in coefficient of friction post-crosslinking, prevents oil film formation on the silicone surface, and maintains low friction without exudation, reducing contamination risks and ensuring consistent mechanical properties.

Implementation Method 1

addition-crosslinkable organopolysiloxane compositions containing a high viscosity polydiorganosiloxane free of alkenyl groups

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrosilylation: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentUS7803868B2Addition-crosslinkable silicone compositions with low coefficients of friction
Publication Date: 2010.09.28 WACKER CHEMIE AG

AI summary

Addition-crosslinkable silicone compositions contain(A) 100 parts by weight of polydiorganosiloxane(s) which has alkenyl groups and whose viscosity is from 5000 to 50,000,000 mPas at 25° C., having at least 2 alkenyl groups per molecule, and at least 0.15 mol % of alkenylsiloxane units, based on all siloxane units,(B) from 1 to 50 parts by weight of polydiorganosiloxane(s) whose viscosity is at least 5,000,000 mPas at 25° C., and having no alkenyl groups,(C) SiH-functional crosslinking agent(s),(D) hydrosilylation catalyst(s), and(E) from 3 to 90 parts by weight of filler(s) whose BET specific surface area is at least 50 m2/g. Vulcanizates of the addition-crosslinkable silicone compositions have low coefficients of friction.