Low-Volatility Amine Absorbent for CO2 Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing acidic gas absorbents, such as amine compounds, face challenges in preventing diffusion into the atmosphere during CO2 absorption and desorption processes, leading to environmental concerns and inefficiencies in gas removal from industrial sources like coal-fired power plants.
Innovation Solution
An acidic gas absorbent comprising a specific amine compound, represented by formula (1), which effectively absorbs and desorbs acidic gases like CO2 and H2S, with a high pKa value and optimal concentration, reducing diffusibility and energy consumption, and can be used in combination with other ingredients to enhance absorption and desorption rates.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If amine compounds are used for CO2 absorption and desorption, then CO2 recovery efficiency is improved, but amine compounds diffuse into the atmosphere causing environmental harm
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure of amine compounds by introducing cyclic carbamate groups and adjusting molecular weight to optimize the balance between CO2 absorption capacity and vapor pressure. This parameter change reduces amine diffusion while maintaining high CO2 recovery efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite amine compounds containing multiple functional groups (primary, secondary, and cyclic carbamate amino groups) in specific ratios. This composite structure enhances CO2 absorption performance while reducing volatility and atmospheric diffusion of the amine compounds
2Object-generated harmful factors
If amine traps are installed to prevent amine diffusion, then environmental protection is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the harmful property (high volatility) from the amine compound system by developing low-volatility amine formulations. This removes the need for additional amine trap equipment while still preventing atmospheric diffusion
Solution Approach 2:
The modified amine compounds inherently possess low vapor pressure and reduced diffusibility due to their molecular structure. The system serves its own environmental protection function through the chemical properties of the absorbent itself, eliminating the need for separate protective equipment
3Productivity
If conventional amine absorbents are heated for regeneration, then CO2 desorption is improved, but energy consumption increases and amine diffusion worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the thermal properties of the amine compound system by selecting compounds with optimized molecular weights and structures. This allows for lower regeneration temperatures while maintaining effective CO2 desorption, reducing both energy consumption and amine vaporization
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The acidic gas absorbent efficiently recovers CO2 with low diffusibility of amine compounds, reducing environmental impact and energy consumption, while maintaining high absorption and desorption rates, and is suitable for use in acidic gas removal apparatuses.
Implementation Method 1
an amine compound which has a high pKa value and a specific molecular structure
Implementation Method 2
the absorbent holding the acidic gas is made to desorb the acidic gas so as to be regenerated
Data Source
AI summary
The embodiments provide an acidic gas absorbent, an acidic gas removal method using the absorbent, and an acidic gas removal apparatus using the absorbent. The absorbent absorbs an acidic gas in a large amount and is hardly diffused. The acidic gas absorbent according to the embodiment comprises an amine compound represented by the following formula (1):