LTE Base Station Scheduling for Wi-Fi Coexistence

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Solution Overview

Problem

The coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi networks in the same frequency band leads to interference issues, causing Wi-Fi networks to spend a significant amount of time in listening mode, thereby degrading their performance, as LTE networks typically dominate the spectrum, reducing throughput and fairness in resource sharing.

Innovation Solution

A method where a cellular base station learns the operational characteristics of co-existing Wi-Fi networks, calculates a fair proportion of time for shared resource usage, and schedules LTE traffic to minimize interference by prioritizing uplink subframes for user equipment closer to the base station, allowing fair sharing of the frequency band.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If cellular base stations use scheduled OFDMA transmission in the same frequency band as Wi-Fi access points, then the capacity of the cellular base station is increased, but collision between cellular and Wi-Fi signals occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebase station capacityVSAvoidsignal collision
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The frequency band is segmented into different time intervals, with the cellular base station transmitting during certain time slots and Wi-Fi access points transmitting during other time slots. This temporal segmentation allows both systems to share the same frequency band without signal collision, resolving the contradiction between increasing base station capacity and avoiding signal collision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If Wi-Fi systems use CSMA carrier sense multiple access to reduce collisions, then collision avoidance is improved, but Wi-Fi networks spend excessive time in listening mode due to cellular interference

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecollision avoidanceVSAvoidlistening mode time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The cellular base station performs preliminary action by transmitting a notification signal before its scheduled transmission, informing Wi-Fi access points that the frequency band will be occupied. This allows Wi-Fi systems to avoid the listening mode delay and directly schedule their transmissions during available time slots, reducing the time lost to listening while maintaining collision avoidance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Length of stationary object

If cellular networks transmit at high power to ensure coverage, then transmission distance is improved, but interference with Wi-Fi networks increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransmission distanceVSAvoidinterference
Core Design Contradiction:
Length of stationary objectVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The transmission power is made local and variable rather than uniform. The cellular base station transmits at high power only during time slots when no Wi-Fi transmission is scheduled, and at reduced power during time slots when Wi-Fi access points are transmitting. This local differentiation of transmission quality resolves the contradiction between ensuring coverage and reducing interference.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP3035758B1Coexistence of cellular and non-cellular systems
Publication Date: 2020.11.18 ALCATEL LUCENT SA
  • EP3035758B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3035758B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3035758B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A method, computer program and base station are disclosed. The method is performed at a base station providing radio coverage within a cell of a cellular wireless communication network. The method comprises: prior to scheduling cellular traffic within a frequency band used by at least one access point located within the cell and supporting non-cellular wireless communication, determining an indication of operational characteristics of the at least one access point within the cell; assessing, based on a comparison of the determined operational characteristics of the at least one access point within the cell with operational characteristics of the base station providing the radio coverage within the cell, a proportion of time that the frequency band may be used by the base station; and scheduling transmission of the cellular traffic in the frequency band in accordance with the assessed proportion of time. Aspects and embodiments may provide a configurable fair method according which the mode of operation of a scheduled cellular system can be intelligently chosen to cause a predictable degree of disruption to a contention-based system which shares resource with the scheduled cellular system.