Ashless Lubricant Dispersant Viscosity Control via NMR Peak Ratios
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Solution Overview
Problem
Nitrogen-containing compounds used as ashless dispersants in lubricating oil compositions increase viscosity, hindering fuel saving properties and requiring high-viscosity lubricant base oils that can lead to increased NOACK values and decreased flash points, while conventional methods to reduce viscosity are not effective in maintaining high-temperature cleanliness and sludge dispersibility.
Innovation Solution
A dispersant for lubricating oil composed of nitrogen-containing compounds synthesized using polybutene or polyisobutene, maleic acid compounds, and polyamines, with specific molecular weight distributions and NMR peak ratios to minimize unreacted polyolefin content, resulting in a boride or acylated product that reduces viscosity and enhances dispersibility.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If nitrogen-containing compounds are used as ashless dispersants, then high-temperature cleanliness and sludge dispersibility are improved, but viscosity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by carefully controlling the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.80) and composition ratios of the nitrogen-containing compound to minimize viscosity increase while maintaining dispersant effectiveness. This involves optimizing the balance between compound structure and performance parameters.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by ensuring the nitrogen-containing compound has specific structural characteristics (controlled molecular weight distribution and composition) that provide high-temperature cleanliness in the lubricating oil composition without causing excessive viscosity increase throughout the entire oil system.
2Use of energy by moving object
If viscosity is reduced to improve fuel saving properties, then fuel saving property is improved, but high-temperature cleanliness and sludge dispersibility deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent resolves this contradiction by changing the parameters of the nitrogen-containing compound (molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn ≤ 1.80, controlled composition) to achieve optimal performance. This allows the use of lower viscosity base oils while maintaining high-temperature cleanliness and sludge dispersibility through the optimized dispersant characteristics.
3Ease of manufacture
If unreacted polyolefin is present in the nitrogen-containing compound, then synthesis is simplified, but viscosity increases and fuel saving property deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by controlling the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.80) and composition ratios during synthesis to minimize unreacted polyolefin content. This optimization reduces viscosity increase while maintaining the simplicity of the synthesis process, achieving a balance between ease of manufacture and performance.
Data Source
AI summary
A dispersant for a lubricating oil, containing at least one compound selected from a specific nitrogen-containing compound which is obtained by using, as raw materials, (A) at least one polyolefin selected from polybutene and polyisobutene, (B) at least one maleic acid compound selected from maleic acid and maleic anhydride, and (C) polyamine; a boride of the specific nitrogen-containing compound; and an acylated product of the specific nitrogen-containing compound. The polyolefin (A) satisfies at least one of the following conditions (α) and (β). (α) a ratio (Sb/Sa) of an integrated value (Sb) of a peak present at 4.40 to 5.00 ppm in a 1H-NMR spectrum to an integrated value (Sa) of a peak present at 5.01 to 5.60 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectrum is 2 or more. (β) a ratio (Sd/Sc) of an integrated value (Sd) of a peak present at 1.76 to 2.10 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectrum to an integrated value (Sc) of a peak present at 1.65 to 1.75 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectrum is 1 or more.