Lubricating Oil Demulsifier Additives for Diesel Engine Water Shedding
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Solution Overview
Problem
Trunk piston diesel engines face issues with water buildup in lubricating oil compositions due to inadequate water shedding, leading to emulsion formation and deposit buildup in centrifuge systems, while also struggling with asphaltene insolubility causing harmful deposits on engine surfaces.
Innovation Solution
A lubricating oil composition with a total base number of at least 15 mg KOH/g, comprising 40% lubricating viscosity oil, an overbased metal detergent, and a compound of formula (II) derived from naphthalene-based moieties and polyalkyl succinic acylating agents, which enhances water shedding and asphaltene dispersancy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If water is added as a sealing medium in the centrifuge system, then the centrifuge system can operate to remove contaminants, but water builds up in the lubricating oil composition forming emulsions and deposits
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a demulsifier additive as an intermediary substance that mediates between water and lubricating oil. This demulsifier modifies the interfacial properties between water and oil, enabling efficient water separation while preventing emulsion formation. The demulsifier acts as a chemical mediator that facilitates the centrifuge system's water removal function without allowing harmful emulsion buildup.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the lubricating oil by incorporating specific additives (demulsifiers and asphaltene dispersants). These parameter changes modify the oil's interaction with water and asphaltenes, transforming the system from one that forms stable emulsions to one that efficiently separates water while preventing deposit formation.
2Use of energy by moving object
If asphaltenes are present in the lubricating oil from residual fuels, then the fuel can be utilized, but asphaltenes plate out on engine surfaces causing harmful deposits
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an asphaltene dispersant as an intermediary substance that mediates between asphaltenes and the lubricating oil. This dispersant prevents asphaltenes from directly contacting and plating out on engine surfaces by maintaining them in a dispersed state within the oil, thus enabling residual fuel utilization without harmful deposits.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the colloidal and chemical parameters of the lubricating oil system by adding dispersants. These parameter changes affect the solubility and dispersion characteristics of asphaltenes, transforming them from a deposit-forming state to a stable dispersed state that can coexist with residual fuel combustion products.
3Device complexity
If a single lubricant composition is used for both crankcase and cylinder lubrication in trunk piston engines, then the system is simplified, but the lubricant must simultaneously shed water and disperse asphaltenes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal lubricating oil composition that performs multiple functions simultaneously: crankcase lubrication, water separation, and asphaltene dispersion. By incorporating multi-functional additives (demulsifier and dispersant) into a single oil formulation, the patent enables one lubricant to adapt to various functional requirements without increasing system complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges multiple lubricant functions into a single composition. Instead of using separate lubricants for water separation and asphaltene management, the patent combines these functions into one integrated lubricating oil formulation, thereby simplifying the overall lubrication system while maintaining all necessary functionalities.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition effectively reduces deposits in diesel engine systems by improving water shedding and asphaltene dispersancy, maintaining engine performance and preventing harmful deposit formation.
Implementation Method 1
The centrifuge system relies on the use of a sealing medium that is heavier than the lubricating oil composition. When the lubricating oil composition passes through the centrifuge system, it comes into contact with the water.
Implementation Method 2
Trunk piston engines perform better when they are able to solubilise the asphaltenes. A further aim of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition that exhibits improved asphaltene dispersancy.
Data Source
AI summary
A lubricating oil composition having a total base number of more than 15 mg KOH/g, as determined by ASTM D2896, and including at least 40 mass % of an oil of lubricating viscosity; at least one detergent; and at least one compound of the formula (I) and/or formula (II): In formula (I), each Ar independently represents an aromatic moiety having 0 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, halo and combinations thereof; each L is independently a linking moiety comprising a carbon-carbon single bond or a linking group; each Y is independently -OR1" or a moiety of the formula H(O(CR12)n)yX-, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of (CR1'2)z, O and S; R1 and R1' are each independently selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl and aryl; R1" is selected from C1 to C100 alkyl and aryl; z is 1 to 10; n is 0 to 10 when X is (CR1'2)z, and 2 to 10 when X is O or S; and y is 1 to 30; each a is independently 0 to 3, with the proviso that at least one Ar moiety bears at least one group Y; and m is 1 to 100. In formula (II), each Ar' independently represents an aromatic moiety having 0 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, acyloxy, acyloxyalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxy alkyl, halo and combinations thereof; each L' is independently a linking moiety comprising a carbon-carbon single bond or a linking group; each Y' is independently a moiety of the formula Z(O(CR22)n')y'X'-, wherein X' is selected from the group consisting of (CR2'2)z', O and S; R2 and R2' are each independently selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl and aryl; z' is 1 to 10; n' is 0 to 10 when X' is (CR2'2)z', and 2 to 10 when X' is O or S; y' is 1 to 30; Z is H, an acyl group, an alkyl group or an aryl group; each a' is independently 0 to 3, with the proviso that at least one Ar' moiety bears at least one group Y' in which Z is not H; and m' is 1 to 100.