LysM Receptor Engineering for LCO Binding Specificity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current technologies face challenges in modifying LysM receptors in plants to enhance their affinity and selectivity for lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), which are crucial for symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. Existing methods are complex and limited, particularly for legumes, which are restricted to specific symbiotic associations and lack the ability to easily engineer new specificity or improve receptor performance.
Innovation Solution
The introduction of a hydrophobic patch into the LysM2 domain and the replacement of regions in the LysM1 domain with corresponding regions from a donor LysM receptor can alter the affinity and selectivity of LysM receptors for LCOs. This approach allows for the modification of plant LysM receptors to recognize LCOs with higher affinity, selectivity, and altered specificity, enabling improved symbiotic associations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If LysM receptors are modified to enhance affinity and selectivity for LCOs through complex engineering methods, then binding affinity and selectivity are improved, but the complexity of the engineering process increases and limits applicability particularly for legumes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by introducing a hydrophobic patch at a specific location in the LysM2 domain and replacing specific regions in the LysM1 domain with corresponding regions from a donor LysM receptor. This targeted modification approach enhances binding affinity and selectivity for LCOs without requiring complex global engineering, thereby resolving the contradiction between improved reliability and reduced engineering complexity.
2Adaptability or versatility
If legumes are restricted to specific symbiotic associations with existing LysM receptors, then natural symbiotic relationships are maintained, but adaptability to form associations with broader range of microbial species is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables universality by creating LysM receptor variants that can recognize LCOs from different bacterial and fungal species. By introducing a hydrophobic patch in the LysM2 domain and swapping LysM1 domain regions from high-affinity donor receptors, the modified LysM receptors gain the ability to form symbiotic associations with a broader range of microbial species, thereby resolving the contradiction between adaptability and ease of engineering.
3Measurement precision
If existing LysM receptors are used in plants, then natural recognition capabilities are preserved, but the ability to recognize LCOs with high affinity and altered specificity is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the hydrophobicity parameters of the LysM2 domain through the introduction of a hydrophobic patch and by changing the amino acid sequence parameters in the LysM1 domain through replacement with donor regions. These parameter changes enable the LysM receptors to recognize LCOs with high affinity and altered specificity, resolving the contradiction between measurement precision and adaptability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The modified LysM receptors demonstrate enhanced binding affinity and selectivity for LCOs, enabling plants to recognize and respond to specific bacterial and fungal species more effectively. This leads to improved symbiotic relationships and potentially expands the agricultural potential of legumes by allowing them to form associations with a broader range of microbial species.
Implementation Method 1
a hydrophobic patch into the LysM2 domain which can increase affinity and/or selectivity for LCOs
Implementation Method 2
Plants are exposed to a wide variety of microbes in their environment... recognize specific molecular signals of the microbes through an array of receptors
Data Source
AI summary
Aspects of the present disclosure relates to genetically altered LysM receptors. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a hydrophobic patch into the LysM2 domain which can increase affinity and/or selectivity for LCOs and by replacement of regions in the LysM1 domain with the corresponding regions of the LysM1 domain from a donor LysM receptor that can alter the affinity and/or selectivity for the oligosaccharide particularly for LCOs and can alter the specificity between LCO when using regions from a high affinity and specificity LCO LysM receptor such as a legume NFR1 receptor. The present disclosure also relates to genetically altering LysM receptors in plants to include a hydrophobic patch or alter the hydrophobic patch and to genetically altering LysM receptors in plants by replacement of regions in the LysM2 domain.