Microorganism MAA Production via Enzyme Activity Modulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for producing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in microorganisms face challenges due to low yields and complex conditions for separation and purification, limiting large-scale production.
Innovation Solution
A microorganism with inactivated 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase activity is used, along with enhanced activities of enzymes such as 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphoheptonate aldolase, phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase, and transketolase, to increase MAA production through genetic modification and culturing techniques.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If microalgae are cultured to produce MAAs, then MAA production occurs, but the amount produced is very small at a few μg level and separation, extraction and purification conditions are complicated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the MAA production capability from microalgae and transfers it to a heterologous host organism (such as E. coli or yeast) through genetic engineering. This allows MAA production to occur in a simpler-to-culture organism that can be grown in large quantities, thereby increasing the total MAA yield while simplifying the production process.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces intermediate compounds or precursor molecules into the culture medium that serve as substrates for MAA synthesis in the heterologous host. This intermediary approach enables the host to produce MAAs efficiently without requiring the complex cellular machinery of microalgae, thus simplifying cultivation and downstream processing.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If chemical sunscreen agents are used to block UV rays, then UV protection effect is provided, but they may cause irritation in the skin or eyes and contact dermatitis
Solution Approach 1:
The patent produces MAAs in large quantities through microbial fermentation, creating a cost-effective alternative to synthetic chemical sunscreens. These naturally-derived MAAs provide UV protection without the harmful side effects, offering a safe and sustainable sunscreen option that can be readily applied and does not accumulate harmful residues.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent alters the chemical composition of sunscreen agents by using biologically produced MAAs with different molecular structures and properties compared to synthetic chemicals. These natural MAAs have been evolutionarily optimized to protect organisms from UV damage without causing irritation, thus changing the safety profile of UV protection agents.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If physical sunscreen agents are used to reflect and scatter UV rays, then UV protection for both UV-A and UV-B is provided without side effects, but it may be difficult to maintain an effective amount while implementing desired formulation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent produces MAAs with optimized molecular characteristics that allow them to function as UV filters without the physical limitations of traditional mineral sunscreens. These biologically synthesized MAAs can be formulated at lower concentrations while maintaining effectiveness, and they do not leave white casts or require high application amounts, thus solving the formulation challenges of physical sunscreens.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly enhances MAA production, making it feasible for effective use in UV protection and other applications by improving yield and simplifying the production process.
Implementation Method 1
enhanced activities of enzymes such as 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphoheptonate aldolase, phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase, and transketolase, to increase MAA production through genetic modification
Implementation Method 2
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are substances that are found in natural organisms and are known to effectively absorb UVA (320 nm to 400 nm) and UVB (290 mm to 320 mm)
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a microorganism for producing a mycosporine-like amino acid, and a method for producing a mycosporine-like amino acid using the microorganism. The microorganism of the present disclosure shows an improved ability for producing a mycosporine-like amino acid and thus can be effectively used in the production of a mycosporine-like amino acid.