Machine Tool Vibration Control to Reduce Air Cut Time
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional machine tools experience efficiency degradation due to air cuts when the cutting work position of forward movement overlaps with the cutting work position of backward movement, especially when the number of reciprocal vibrations per spindle rotation is less than one, leading to prolonged air cuts and reduced machining efficiency.
Innovation Solution
The machine tool is configured to perform relative movements at different speeds, with a smaller rotation angle during the second speed than the first speed, ensuring efficient cutting by limiting the air cut period during repetitive movements, particularly when the movement constitutes a vibration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If the cutting tool performs reciprocal vibration with less than one vibration per spindle rotation, then chip separation is improved, but air cut time increases and machining efficiency degrades
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by making the cutting tool's reciprocal vibration frequency variable relative to the spindle rotation speed. Specifically, the cutting tool vibrates at a frequency that changes during the cutting process, allowing optimization between chip separation quality and machining efficiency. The vibration frequency is dynamically adjusted so that the cutting tool performs between 0.05 to 0.5 vibrations per spindle rotation, balancing chip separation needs with minimizing air cut time.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the vibration frequency parameter of the cutting tool relative to the spindle rotation speed. By controlling the ratio of vibration frequency to spindle speed to be within 0.05-0.5, the system optimizes the balance between achieving proper chip separation (which requires vibration) and maintaining machining efficiency (which requires minimizing non-cutting air cut time).
2Manufacturing precision
If the cutting tool performs air cut to separate chips, then chip separation is achieved, but the cutting tool moves without cutting, reducing machining efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial action by making the cutting tool perform only a fraction of a complete vibration cycle per spindle rotation (0.05-0.5 vibrations per rotation). This partial vibration is sufficient to achieve chip separation but limited enough to minimize the time spent in non-productive air cut positions, thus reducing time loss while maintaining chip separation effectiveness.
3Manufacturing precision
If the cutting tool vibrates once per multiple spindle rotations, then chip separation is improved, but the overlap of forward and backward cutting paths causes prolonged air cut
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic action through the reciprocal vibration of the cutting tool, but with a modified period that is synchronized with the spindle rotation. The cutting tool vibrates periodically at a frequency that is a specific multiple (0.05-0.5 times) of the spindle rotation frequency, creating a periodic cutting pattern that ensures chip separation while limiting the duration of air cut to minimal portions of each vibration cycle.
Data Source
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AI summary
To provide a machine tool that is capable of limiting degradation of machining efficiency when a cutting tool machines a workpiece by performing one repetitive movement with respect to multiple relative rotations between the workpiece and the cutting tool, and a control apparatus of the machine tool. In the machine tool (100) and the control apparatus (C) thereof, the repetitive movement means is configured so that the cutting tool (130) performs one repetitive movement with respect to multiple relative rotations between the workpiece (W) and the cutting tool (130) and so that a rotation angle of the relative rotation between the workpiece (W) and the cutting tool (130) during relative movement at the second speed is smaller than a rotation angle of the relative rotation during relative movement at the first speed in one repetitive movement, thereby limiting degradation of machining efficiency when the cutting tool (130) machines the workpiece (W) by performing one repetitive movement with respect to multiple relative rotations between the workpiece (W) and the cutting tool (130).