Machine Tool Low-Frequency Multi-Axis Vibration for Heat Management
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional machine tools face issues with effective cooling and lubrication of cutting heat and frictional heat, leading to tool wear and uneven machining quality, and are limited in machining shape and efficiency due to restricted tool movement and high costs associated with ultrasonic vibration cutting.
Innovation Solution
A machine tool design that allows synchronous movement and low-frequency vibration of the cutting tool and workpiece in multiple axial directions, using a control mechanism to manage the cutting tool and workpiece holding mechanisms, enabling effective cooling and preventing chip adhesion through cavitation and powdering of chips.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional cutting is performed with fixed-direction tool movement, then the machining process is simple, but cutting heat and frictional heat cannot be cooled and lubricated effectively, causing tool wear and uneven machining quality
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies low-frequency vibration (1-100 Hz) to the cutting tool or workpiece, creating periodic separation between the cutting edge and workpiece. This vibration generates cavitation in the coolant, improving heat dissipation and reducing frictional heat, thereby solving the thermal problems of conventional cutting while maintaining machining quality
Solution Approach 2:
The cutting process uses periodic advance and retreat movements of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece. This periodic action creates intervals for coolant penetration and heat dissipation, preventing continuous heat buildup and tool wear while maintaining effective cutting
2Adaptability or versatility
If ultrasonic vibration cutting is used to cut difficult-to-cut materials, then cutting capability is improved, but machining time increases significantly and equipment cost becomes very high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the vibration frequency parameter from ultrasonic range (20 kHz) to low-frequency range (1-100 Hz), and adjusts vibration amplitude accordingly. This parameter change maintains the ability to cut difficult-to-cut materials while dramatically reducing machining time and equipment cost compared to ultrasonic vibration cutting
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design stabilizes machining quality, prevents tool wear and fires, and allows for flexible machining shapes while achieving efficient low-frequency vibration cutting, enhancing the practicality and precision of machining difficult-to-cut materials.
Implementation Method 1
synchronously move the workpiece (2) and the cutting tool (4) relative to each other in the first and second axial directions to allow advance and retreat movements of the workpiece (2) and the cutting tool (4) relative to each other along an interpolation trajectory
Implementation Method 2
relatively vibrate the workpiece (2) and the cutting tool (4) at a low frequency by repeating the advance and retreat movements along said interpolation trajectory
Data Source
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AI summary
The purpose of the invention is to provide a machine tool with which high quality machining of a workpiece obtained from mainly difficult-to-machine material can be stabilized and which limits the occurrence of fire while also being practical, not limiting workpiece machining shape, and being capable of performing low frequency vibration cutting that can finely fragment swarf even when vibrating the cutting tool and/or workpiece at low frequency on multiple axes. To achieve the purpose, the machine tool is provided with a cutting tool holder (5) that holds the cutting tool (4) for machining the workpiece and a rotation mechanism (3) that holds the workpiece (2). The cutting tool holder (5) or the rotation mechanism (3) is provided to be freely movable so that the cutting tool (4) is moved relative to the workpiece (2) in multiple axial directions. A control device (8) is provided for controlling the movement of the cutting tool holder (5) or the rotation mechanism (3) so that the workpiece (2) and the cutting tool (4) are synchronously vibrated relative to each other at low frequency in multiple axial directions.