Antibody Blood Testing for Macrolide Immunosuppressants Without Solvents
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for testing macrolide immunosuppressants in blood samples are complex and prone to inaccuracies due to the need for special substances and volatile organic solvents, leading to complications and higher measured drug concentrations.
Innovation Solution
A method involving pretreatment of blood samples with an acid or alkali to create an acidic or alkaline environment, allowing for the use of antibodies to measure macrolide immunosuppressant concentrations without volatile organic solvents, simplifying the process and improving accuracy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If volatile organic solvents are used for drug extraction, then extraction efficiency is improved, but measurement accuracy deteriorates due to solvent evaporation causing concentration errors
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the physical-chemical parameters of the extraction system by replacing volatile organic solvents with non-volatile alternatives (such as ionic liquids or non-volatile fluorinated solvents). This parameter change maintains effective drug extraction while eliminating the evaporation-induced concentration errors that compromise measurement accuracy.
2Measurement precision
If special substances and precipitation operations are used for drug dissociation and separation, then drug concentration measurement is enabled, but procedure complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and utilizes the fluorine-specific detection capability as a standalone measurement approach. By employing fluorine-19 NMR or mass spectrometry detection that specifically targets fluorine atoms in fluorinated drugs, the method directly measures drug concentration without requiring complex precipitation or separation steps, thereby simplifying the overall assay procedure.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces fluorine atoms as a unique intermediary marker in the drug molecule. This fluorine marker serves as a specific mediator that enables direct detection and quantification of the drug concentration through fluorine-19 NMR or mass spectrometry, eliminating the need for complex intermediate separation and purification steps.
3Measurement precision
If complex pretreatment procedures are used for blood sample analysis, then drug dissociation from binding proteins is achieved, but analysis time and operational complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces mechanical separation operations (such as centrifugation and filtration) with a chemical/detection-based approach. By using fluorine-19 NMR or mass spectrometry to directly detect fluorinated drugs in the blood sample, the method eliminates time-consuming mechanical pretreatment steps while maintaining accurate drug concentration measurement.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method enables convenient and highly accurate testing with high throughput, reducing fluctuations in measurement values and avoiding concentration errors from solvent evaporation.
Implementation Method 1
pretreatment of the blood sample with an acid or an alkali
Implementation Method 2
measuring a concentration of the macrolide immunosuppressant or the metabolite in the acidic blood sample by using an antibody to the macrolide immunosuppressant or the metabolite
Data Source
Figure 1-1~1-2
Figure 1-3
Figure 2
AI summary
The present invention provides a method of testing a blood for a macrolide immunosuppressant conveniently and/or highly accurately. Specifically, the present invention provides a method of testing a blood for a macrolide immunosuppressant, including: (a) treating a blood sample containing a macrolide immunosuppressant or a metabolite thereof having a macrolide structure with an acid or an alkali; and (b) measuring a concentration of the macrolide immunosuppressant or the metabolite in the blood sample by using an antibody.