Magnesium Hydroxide Regeneration for Waste-Heat Carbon Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing technologies for removing carbon dioxide from emission sources are not commercially viable and environmentally sensitive, lacking satisfactory methods for efficient carbon dioxide sequestration and magnesium hydroxide regeneration.
Innovation Solution
A system and method utilizing magnesium chloride and steam reactions in multiple decomposition and absorption reactors, coupled with waste heat recovery, to regenerate magnesium hydroxide and reduce carbon dioxide in gas streams, achieving high carbon capture rates.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If conventional carbon dioxide removal methods are used, then carbon dioxide can be removed from emission sources, but the process is not commercially viable and not environmentally sensitive
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters by using magnesium chloride instead of conventional amine-based solvents, operating at elevated temperatures (90-150°C) and pressures to achieve both high CO2 removal efficiency and commercial viability through a regenerative process
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a regenerative system where magnesium hydroxide is continuously recovered and recycled back into the absorption process, eliminating the need for continuous chemical consumption and making the process commercially viable and environmentally sustainable
2Productivity
If magnesium hydroxide is used to capture carbon dioxide, then carbon capture efficiency is improved, but the cost and complexity of regenerating magnesium hydroxide increases
Solution Approach 1:
The regeneration process is segmented into distinct stages: filtration to separate magnesium hydroxide precipitate, carbonation to convert it to magnesium carbonate, and calcination to regenerate magnesium oxide, which is then converted back to magnesium hydroxide. This segmentation makes the complex regeneration process manageable and industrially viable
Solution Approach 2:
The patent establishes a continuous regenerative cycle where magnesium hydroxide is continuously regenerated and fed back into the absorption reactors, maintaining high carbon capture productivity without interruption and reducing overall system complexity through automated continuous operation
3Reliability
If multiple decomposition reactors are used to regenerate magnesium hydroxide, then regeneration efficiency is improved, but the system complexity and equipment requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple chemical reactions (decomposition of magnesium chloride, carbonation, and calcination) into an integrated system where the output of one reactor becomes the input of the next, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining high regeneration efficiency through optimized process flow
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively captures and regenerates magnesium hydroxide, achieving carbon dioxide removal rates exceeding 70% and utilizing waste heat for efficient energy management.
Implementation Method 1
reacting magnesium chloride with steam in a first series of decomposition reactors to form a first reaction product
Implementation Method 2
reacting magnesium hydroxy chloride with steam in a second series of decomposition reactors to form hydrochloric acid and a magnesium-containing product
Implementation Method 3
reacting the magnesium-containing product with carbon dioxide in a first absorption reactor to form a second absorption reactor product
Implementation Method 4
reacting the magnesium carbonate with calcium chloride to form a fourth reaction product comprising calcium carbonate and a magnesium-containing product
Implementation Method 5
a waste heat recovery and heat transfer system is utilized to provide the necessary heat to maintain reaction conditions for each system module
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods of removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream using magnesium hydroxide and then regenerating the magnesium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the systems and methods can further comprise using the waste heat from one or more gas streams to provide some or all of the heat needed to drive the reactions. In some embodiments, magnesium chloride is primarily in the form of magnesium chloride dihydrate and is fed to a decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxychloride, which is in turn fed to a second decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxide.