Magnetic Field Navigation for UAV Charging Alignment

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current UAV navigation systems, such as GPS and inertial navigation, lack the centimeter-level accuracy required for precise alignment with wireless charging stations, limiting the effective range of UAVs by not allowing them to dock accurately with charging stations.

Innovation Solution

The UAV uses a magnetic field sensor to calculate the magnetic field vector and strength emanating from the charging station, navigating to align with it and initiate charging, and then departs using the same magnetic field information for accurate positioning and route guidance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If GPS and inertial navigation systems are used for UAV navigation, then the navigation system is simple and inexpensive, but the location accuracy is insufficient (meter-level) to achieve centimeter-level alignment with charging station

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelocation accuracyVSAvoidnavigation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical/electronic navigation systems (GPS, inertial navigation) with a magnetic field-based navigation system. The UAV uses a magnetic field sensor to detect the charging station's magnetic field signature and navigates by following the magnetic field gradient, achieving centimeter-level accuracy without heavy navigation equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a magnetic field as an intermediary for navigation. The charging station generates a magnetic field that serves as a natural beacon, and the UAV uses a magnetic field sensor to detect this field's strength and direction, translating magnetic field variations into navigation guidance information for precise alignment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If more accurate navigation systems such as Differential GPS are used, then location accuracy improves, but the system becomes expensive, heavy, and requires increased calibration

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelocation accuracyVSAvoidUAV weight
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent substitutes heavy Differential GPS equipment with a lightweight magnetic field sensor. The sensor detects the charging station's magnetic field signature, enabling the UAV to achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy without carrying expensive, heavy navigation hardware or requiring external calibration infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The charging station itself serves as the navigation beacon by generating a magnetic field with a unique spatial signature. The UAV autonomously detects this field and navigates to the charging station without requiring external calibration systems or additional infrastructure, making the system self-sufficient and lightweight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Manufacturing precision

If the UAV uses standard navigation systems, then the system complexity remains low, but the alignment accuracy with charging station is insufficient for effective wireless charging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealignment accuracyVSAvoidnavigation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces standard navigation systems with a magnetic field-based alignment system. The UAV detects the charging station's magnetic field gradient and adjusts its position to follow the field lines, achieving the centimeter-level alignment accuracy required for wireless charging without complex navigation equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The magnetic field sensor provides continuous feedback about the UAV's position relative to the charging station by detecting variations in magnetic field strength and direction. The navigation system uses this feedback to adjust the UAV's position in real-time, achieving precise alignment through iterative correction rather than complex pre-programmed navigation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method enables UAVs to accurately position themselves over the charging station for efficient wireless charging and navigate away with high precision, extending their operational range without the need for expensive, heavy navigation systems.

Implementation Method 1

calculating a magnetic field vector and strength of a magnetic field emanating from a charging station

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field detection: Magnetic Field

Data Source

PatentEP3482270B1Magnetic field navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles
Publication Date: 2020.04.08 QUALCOMM INC
  • EP3482270B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3482270B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3482270B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3C

AI summary

Embodiments include devices and methods for navigating an unmanned autonomous vehicle (UAV) based on a measured magnetic field vector and strength of a magnetic field emanated from a charging station. A processor of the UAV may navigate to the charging station using the magnetic field vector and strength. The processor may determine whether the UAV is substantially aligned with the charging station, and the processor may maneuver the UAV to approach the charging station using the magnetic field vector and strength in response to determining that the UAV is substantially aligned with the charging station. Maneuvering the UAV to approach the charging station using the magnetic field vector and strength may involve descending to a center of the charging station. The UAV may follow a specified route to and/or away from the charging station using the magnetic field vector and strength.