All-band Magnetic Sensor Bandwidth Expansion via Integrator Circuit
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing magnetic sensors face challenges in expanding their measurement bandwidth to ultralow frequencies, such as 0.001 Hz, due to high quality factors and limited frequency band expansion using magnetic flux negative feedback, which results in low signal-to-noise ratios and high power consumption, making it difficult to accurately measure low-frequency magnetic fields.
Innovation Solution
An all-band magnetic sensor design incorporating an induction coil, a voltage measurement module with a differential amplifier, and an integrator with operational amplifiers and capacitors to expand bandwidth without magnetic flux negative feedback, along with an impedance transformation circuit to improve loop resistance and reduce the quality factor, enabling extended measurement to ultralow frequencies.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If magnetic flux negative feedback is used to expand bandwidth, then measurement frequency band is expanded, but power consumption increases significantly and low-frequency measurement capability remains insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental measurement parameter from direct voltage measurement to integrated voltage measurement. By introducing an integrator circuit that accumulates voltage signals over time, the system achieves low-frequency enhancement without requiring high power consumption feedback circuits. The integration process naturally amplifies low-frequency components while suppressing high-frequency noise.
2Adaptability or versatility
If resonance frequency is reduced by connecting capacitor in parallel to expand bandwidth, then frequency band width is expanded, but amplification factor at low frequency remains insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an integrator circuit as an intermediary component between the coil and the measurement system. This integrator acts as a mediator that transforms the voltage signal into an integrated signal, providing the necessary amplification for low-frequency components without requiring reduction of the coil's resonance frequency or addition of parallel capacitors.
3Adaptability or versatility
If measurement bandwidth is not extended to below 1 Hz, then signal conditioning circuit can operate, but signal-to-noise ratio of low-frequency signals remains very low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the integrator continuously accumulates the voltage signal from the coil. This feedback integration process effectively amplifies low-frequency signals while the system automatically adjusts to maintain stability. The feedback nature of integration provides continuous enhancement of low-frequency components, improving signal-to-noise ratio without requiring bandwidth extension below 1 Hz.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves a significant expansion of measurement bandwidth to 0.001 Hz, improving signal-to-noise ratios and reducing power consumption, allowing for reliable and high-quality data acquisition of low-frequency magnetic fields without the limitations of magnetic flux negative feedback.
Implementation Method 1
Inductive magnetic sensors (hereinafter referred to as magnetic sensors) are devices which indirectly measure magnetic fields through output voltages of induction coils based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
Data Source
AI summary
An all-band magnetic sensor is provided. The all-band magnetic sensor comprises an induction coil, a voltage measurement module, and an integrator; the induction coil is used for generating an induced electromotive force according to magnetic flux passing therethrough; an impedance transformation circuit is connected to the output end of the induction coil and used for improving the loop resistance of the induction coil; the voltage measurement module is electrically connected to the impedance transformation circuit, and used for measuring the induced electromotive force generated by the induction coil; and the integrator is electrically connected to the voltage measurement module, and used for expanding a bandwidth.