Reprogrammable Magnetic Soft Materials via Curie-Point Encoding

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing 3D magnetic programming approaches for soft materials are limited by their inability to be reprogrammed once fabricated, restricting the flexibility and adaptability of untethered devices.

Innovation Solution

A method involving heat-assisted magnetic programming, where a composite of magnetic elements and base material is heated near the Curie temperature and magnetized with an external field during cooling, allowing for reorientation of magnetic domains and encoding of shape-changing instructions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If physical orientation of ferromagnetic particles or alignment of superparamagnetic particles is arranged during curing, then programmable shape deformation is achieved, but reprogramming capability is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveshape deformation precisionVSAvoidreprogramming capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes temperature as a controllable parameter to switch between two states: below Curie temperature where magnetic domains are fixed and provide shape memory effect, and above Curie temperature where magnetic domains become mobile and can be reoriented. This parameter change enables the material to transition between a programmable state and a reprogrammable state, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing precision and adaptability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces dynamic control over magnetic domain behavior through temperature cycling. The magnetic domains transition from a static, fixed configuration (enabling precise shape deformation) to a dynamic, mobile configuration (enabling reprogramming). This dynamic behavior allows the same material to exhibit both precise programmability and reprogrammability at different operational stages

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Manufacturing precision

If magnetic fields are applied during curing to align particles, then shape-programming capability is achieved, but the device becomes tethered and less flexible

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemagnetization controlVSAvoidtethering requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical tethering and physical constraint systems with a field-based control system. Instead of using physical guides or mechanical structures to control device behavior, the invention uses controllable magnetic fields applied during specific temperature windows to program and reprogram device shape. This substitution eliminates complex mechanical tethering while maintaining precise control capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables discrete, three-dimensional, and reprogrammable magnetization of soft materials with high spatiotemporal resolution, facilitating devices with unprecedented shape-morphing capabilities and adaptability.

Implementation Method 1

heating the composite to a temperature selected in the range of 25% below the Curie temperature to a temperature 25 % above the Curie temperature measured in °C of said magnetic elements

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCurie temperature: Curie Point (ferromagnetic)

Implementation Method 2

cooling the composite while applying a magnetic field at the composite

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic domain alignment: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 3

Magnetic fields generate torque on magnetic soft materials until the magnetization direction of all domains are aligned with the applied field direction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic torque: Torque

Data Source

PatentEP4118666B1Method of fabricating programmable and/or reprogrammable magnetic soft device, and method of encoding a programmable and/or reprogrammable magnetic soft device
Publication Date: 2026.01.28 MAX PLANCK GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN EV
  • EP4118666B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1i
  • EP4118666B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2p
  • EP4118666B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3h

AI summary

The present invention relates to a method of fabricating a programmable and/or reprogrammable magnetic soft device having a Young's modulus of less than 500 MPa in a part of the device. The invention further relates to an untethered programmable and/or reprogrammable, in particular 3D, magnetic soft device having a part with Young's modulus of less than 500 MP, to a method of encoding a programmable and/or reprogrammable magnetic soft device, and to a use of a programmable and/or reprogrammable magnetic soft device.