Partially Magnetized Pavement for Efficient EV Wireless Charging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electrified road systems for charging electric vehicles (EVs) face inefficiencies and protection issues due to the design, particularly in heavy-duty applications like electric trucks, which require longer driving ranges and heavier loads, and struggle to balance charging efficiency with protecting the electrified road components from damage.
Innovation Solution
A partially magnetized pavement system with a non-magnetized pavement portion above the transmitter coil and a magnetized portion strategically positioned to guide magnetic flux efficiently, creating a magnetic field for wireless charging while protecting the electrified road components by using ferromagnetic materials and conventional pavement construction materials.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a solid pavement layer is used to protect electrified road components, then protection reliability is improved, but wireless power transfer efficiency deteriorates due to magnetic flux blocking
Solution Approach 1:
The pavement is designed with spatially varying magnetic properties: magnetized regions positioned outside the transmitter coil's inner dimension to guide magnetic flux, and non-magnetized regions above the coil to minimize flux interference. This local differentiation allows the pavement to simultaneously protect the electrified components while maintaining wireless power transfer efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The partially magnetized pavement acts as an intermediary structure between the transmitter coil and the external environment. The magnetized portions serve as flux guides to channel magnetic fields away from the coil area, while the non-magnetized portions allow magnetic flux to pass through with minimal interference, thus mediating between protection requirements and power transfer efficiency.
2Reliability
If thicker pavement layers are used to enhance protection, then protection reliability is improved, but wireless power transfer efficiency deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The magnetized portions of the pavement are strategically positioned in specific zones (outside the inner dimension of the transmitter coil) rather than uniformly distributed. This localized magnetization allows thicker pavement layers to provide enhanced protection while the magnetized zones continue to guide magnetic flux effectively, preventing efficiency deterioration despite increased thickness.
3Loss of energy
If magnetized pavement material is added to improve magnetic field guidance, then wireless power transfer efficiency is improved, but pavement structural strength may deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The pavement employs composite construction combining magnetized materials (such as ferrite or magnetite particles) with conventional pavement materials (asphalt, concrete, or gravel). This composite structure allows the magnetized portions to guide magnetic flux for improved wireless power transfer efficiency while the conventional pavement matrix maintains the required structural strength and load-bearing capacity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design enhances wireless power transfer efficiency by aligning magnetic flux pathways, maintaining efficiency even with thicker pavement layers and lane deviations, and effectively protects the road system from wear and tear, improving overall charging performance and system longevity.
Implementation Method 1
a magnetized pavement portion positioned vertically above a first area surrounded by the inner dimension of the transmitter coil and a second area outside the outer dimension of the transmitter coil
Implementation Method 2
the magnetized pavement portion includes ferromagnetic material. In some cases, the ferromagnetic material is ferrite powder
Implementation Method 3
transmitter coil(s) by providing a solid pavement layer between the EVs and the electrified portions of the road system
Data Source
AI summary
A partially magnetized pavement is placed above a transmitter coil for improved efficiency of electric vehicles charging through wireless power transfer. The partially magnetized pavement includes a non-magnetized pavement portion positioned vertically above the transmitter coil and a magnetized pavement portion positioned vertically above a first area surrounded by the inner dimension of the transmitter coil and a second area outside the outer dimension of the transmitter coil. In some cases, the partially magnetized pavement further includes a transmitter coil having the inner dimension and the outer dimension and a capacitor electrically coupled to the transmitter coil to form a resistor-inductor-capacitor circuit at a system level. In some cases, a plurality of electric vehicle charging units are positioned in a center of a lane in a roadway and separated from one another by a predetermined distance along a direction of the lane in the roadway.