Magneto-resistive Element Series Vortex Linearity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing magneto-resistive elements with magnetic vortex structures do not achieve full linearity in output, which is essential for accurate magnetic field detection.
Innovation Solution
The proposed solution involves a magneto-resistive element with a magnetic vortex structure, comprising two element sections connected in series. Each section includes a reference layer with fixed in-plane magnetization and a free layer with vortex magnetization. The direction of fixed magnetization in one section is opposite to that in the other, resulting in inverse nonlinearity distributions and improved linearity in output.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a magneto-resistive element with magnetic vortex structure is used, then sensitivity to magnetic field is improved, but linearity of output is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The magneto-resistive element is divided into multiple element sections (first element section and second element section), each containing unit elements with specific magnetization orientations. This segmentation allows different sections to contribute differently to the overall output, enabling compensation of nonlinearity through the series connection of sections with opposite magnetization directions.
Solution Approach 2:
Different element sections are designed with distinct local magnetic properties - specifically, the first reference layer has magnetization in one in-plane direction while the second reference layer has magnetization in the opposite in-plane direction. This local quality differentiation enables each section to exhibit complementary nonlinearity characteristics that cancel out when connected in series.
2Measurement precision
If multiple element sections with opposite magnetization directions are connected in series, then linearity is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple unit elements with different magnetization orientations are merged into a single magneto-resistive element structure through series connection. The first element section and second element section are combined in such a way that their opposite nonlinearity characteristics work together to improve overall linearity, rather than adding independent complex structures.
Solution Approach 2:
The series connection of element sections with opposite magnetization directions serves multiple functions simultaneously: it maintains sensitivity to magnetic field changes while compensating for nonlinearity, and provides a scalable architecture that can be extended to full-bridge or differential configurations without fundamentally changing the basic unit structure.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration achieves improved linearity in output characteristics, reducing nonlinearity and enhancing sensitivity, thereby overcoming the limitations of existing technologies.
Implementation Method 1
The conductance due to tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect is expressed by Expression (1) described below, by using the relative angle θ of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer on the upper side (M1) of the barrier layer with respect to the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer on the lower side (M2).
Implementation Method 2
The first free layer has a vortex magnetization, whose center moves in accordance with an external magnetic field, about an axis perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first film surface.
Data Source
AI summary
A magneto-resistive element includes a first element section including a first unit element and a second element section including a second unit element. The first element section is connected to the second element section in series. The first unit element includes a first reference layer with a magnetization that is fixed in an in-plane direction, and a first free layer including a vortex magnetization. The second unit element includes a second reference layer with a magnetization that is fixed in an in-plane direction, and a second free layer including a vortex magnetization. A direction of the fixed magnetization of the first reference layer is opposite to that of the second reference layer.