Maleimide Core-Shell Particles for Stable Water-Borne Dispersions
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing water-borne coatings using surfactants face issues with water sensitivity, limited hydrophobicity, and stability, leading to poor adhesion and durability, especially in applications like the paper and cosmetic industries, where high solid content and non-water soluble materials are required.
Innovation Solution
Development of core-shell particles with a maleimide-containing shell material, derived from cyclic anhydride and vinyl monomer units, which form stable dispersions without surfactants, achieving high solid content and enhanced hydrophobicity, and are suitable for encapsulating active ingredients like dyes and UV absorbers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If surfactants are used to disperse particles in water-borne formulations, then particle suspension stability is improved, but hydrophobicity and water barrier properties deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and eliminates surfactants from the dispersion system by using particles with built-in amphiphilic structures that self-assemble without external surfactants, thereby resolving the contradiction between suspension stability and hydrophobicity
Solution Approach 2:
The particle surface is designed with local amphiphilic regions that provide both water compatibility for suspension and hydrophobic character for water barrier properties, allowing simultaneous achievement of stability and water resistance
2Quantity of substance
If high solid content is achieved in water-borne formulations, then coating efficiency is improved, but particle aggregation and dispersion stability worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the surface property parameters of particles to be amphiphilic, enabling high solid content dispersions to remain stable without aggregation by balancing hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions at the particle surface
3Reliability
If non-water soluble materials are used to achieve desired coating properties, then coating performance is improved, but water-borne processing capability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention creates composite particles with amphiphilic structures that combine water-soluble and water-insoluble characteristics, enabling non-water soluble materials to be processed in water-borne formulations while maintaining their desired coating performance
Solution Approach 2:
The amphiphilic particle surface acts as an intermediary that bridges water-soluble processing requirements and water-insoluble material properties, allowing hydrophobic materials to be dispersed and applied in water-borne systems
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The core-shell particles provide improved stability, adhesion, and hydrophobicity, allowing for high solid content dispersions that maintain performance even after drying, reducing water sensitivity and enhancing durability in various applications, such as inkjet inks, cosmetics, and paper treatments.
Implementation Method 1
the shell material contains maleimide groups... the higher hydrophobicity of the applied materials will result in a higher durability
Implementation Method 2
particles can encapsulate some of the desired ingredients in the core material of a particle... non-water soluble materials can be made water-borne
Implementation Method 3
creating a water dispersion of a high solid content of fine particles without using dispersants... forming a stable dispersion
Data Source
AI summary
Particle in the shape of an encapsulated droplet comprising a core material and a shell material surrounding the core material, the shell material containing maleimide groups, preferably a copolymer of maleimide groups. The shell material contains a copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride derivatives, of which more than 75 mole %, preferably more than 90 mole % is maleimide, and the average particle size is smaller than 300 nm. The particles are obtained by a process comprising by heating between 80° C. and 195° C., more preferably between 120° C. and 190° C. an ammonium salt of a maleic anhydride containing polymer in the presence of the core material.