Substituted Mannich Base Fuel Additives for Deposit Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
The increasing demand for higher polyethylene polyamines like TEPA in Mannich base fuel and lube detergents is hindered by their high production costs and reactivity issues due to steric hindrance in cyclic amines, necessitating a more economical alternative with improved reactivity.
Innovation Solution
The development of substituted Mannich base reaction products using a non-cyclic polyalkylene polyamine with an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound and an aldehyde, which approximates the performance of TEPA and TETA without their cost and reactivity challenges, by forming a reaction product that acts as a fuel dispersant/detergent.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If TEPA is used to provide Mannich base dispersant/detergent, then fuel detergent performance is improved, but production cost increases and reactivity issues occur due to steric hindrance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces expensive TEPA with cheaper alternative polyamines (DETA, TETA, or polyether amines) that can achieve comparable fuel detergent performance at lower production cost, effectively using more economical substitutes for the expensive TEPA-based Mannich bases
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the amine component parameters by substituting TEPA with other polyamines having different molecular structures and properties, adjusting the formulation to achieve equivalent performance while eliminating steric hindrance issues and reducing production costs
2Reliability
If TEPA is used to provide Mannich base dispersant/detergent, then fuel detergent performance is improved, but reactivity issues occur due to steric hindrance in cyclic amines
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes cyclic amines with steric hindrance (TEPA) with non-cyclic alternative polyamines that offer improved reactivity and easier handling while maintaining comparable fuel detergent performance
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the molecular structure parameters of the amine component from cyclic (TEPA) to non-cyclic alternatives, fundamentally altering the steric properties and reactivity characteristics while preserving the desired fuel system protection functions
3Ease of manufacture
If TETA is used as alternative to TEPA, then production cost is reduced, but yield is lower and prices are increasing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal formulation approach where multiple alternative polyamines (DETA, TETA, polyether amines) can be used interchangeably to achieve comparable fuel detergent performance, providing flexibility to select the most economical option regardless of yield variations
Solution Approach 2:
The patent identifies and utilizes the most cost-effective alternative polyamines, substituting TETA with potentially more economical options like DETA or polyether amines that can achieve equivalent performance at lower production cost
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The substituted Mannich base compositions effectively reduce deposit formation in fuel systems, offering comparable physical properties to conventional products derived from TEPA and TETA, while being more economical and reducing reactivity issues, thus enhancing fuel detergent performance.
Implementation Method 1
Mannich bases comprise the reaction products of hydroxyaromatic (substituted or unsubstituted) compounds with aldehydes and amines of various sorts
Implementation Method 2
the substituted Mannich base compositions effectively reduce deposit formation in fuel systems
Implementation Method 3
these substituted Mannich base reaction products compositions, according to the present disclosure, provide useful performance as fuel detergents
Data Source
AI summary
Mannich base compositions include the reaction products of (1) an amine component including at least one multifunctional amine of structure (1):wherein each R is independently H or CH2CH2CH2NH2; R1 is H, CH2CH2CH2NH2, C1-C21 alkyl, or C2-C21 alkenyl; n is 2; and m is 1 or 2, with (2) an alkyl substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, and (3) and aldehyde. The Mannich base compositions are useful for fuel additives and other articles. Additive compositions, fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods for reducing deposit formations in a fuel system are also disclosed.