Manual Ventilation Circuit with Flow Direction Sensor
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current manual ventilation systems lack haptic feedback of patient breath volume and cannot deliver Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) effectively, leading to safety issues and limited clinical use due to reliance on Airway Pressure Limiting (APL) valves and mechanical complexity.
Innovation Solution
A system that includes a manual ventilation circuit with a sensor to detect flow direction and control unit to guide gas flow, allowing for controlled inspiration and expiration, enabling haptic feedback and adjustable pressure levels, independent of manual bag compression strength, and incorporating a control unit to manage inspiratory and expiratory pressures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a manual ventilation system uses an Airway Pressure Limiting (APL) valve to control pressure, then pressure limiting function is provided, but haptic feedback of patient breath volume is lost and Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) cannot be delivered effectively
Solution Approach 1:
The system introduces haptic feedback by allowing the manual bag to refill during expiration, providing tactile sensation to the operator about patient breath volume and respiratory phase. This feedback mechanism resolves the contradiction by maintaining reliable pressure control through the APL valve while restoring operational feedback through the refillable bag mechanism.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically switches between manual ventilation mode (with direct bag-to-patient connection for haptic feedback) and APL valve-controlled mode (for pressure limitation). This dynamic operation allows the system to provide both haptic feedback when needed and reliable pressure control when needed, resolving the contradiction through temporal separation of functions.
2Device complexity
If a manual ventilation system relies on manual bag compression strength, then simplicity is maintained, but consistent inspiratory and expiratory pressure control is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The APL valve acts as an intermediary between the manual bag and the patient, mediating the pressure control function. This allows the simple manual bag compression to be transformed into precise pressure control by the valve, resolving the contradiction between simplicity and precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The system replaces direct mechanical pressure control (relying on operator strength) with a valve-controlled pressure regulation mechanism. This substitution maintains the simplicity of manual operation while achieving precise pressure control through the APL valve's pressure-limiting function.
3Device complexity
If a manual ventilation system lacks phase triggering capability, then device complexity is reduced, but sensitivity to detect inspiration and expiration phases is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses the patient's own respiratory mechanics to trigger phase detection. The refill of the manual bag during expiration and the compression during inspiration automatically provide the triggering signals, eliminating the need for external sensors or complex control mechanisms while maintaining high detection sensitivity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides sensitive phase triggering between inspiration and expiration, prevents sustained lung pressure and barotrauma, and offers adjustable desired expiration pressure, while providing haptic feedback on both inspired and expired gas volumes, enhancing user safety and control during manual ventilation.
Implementation Method 1
a sensor to detect a flow direction inside the manual ventilation circuit and to produce for the control unit a signal to determine the flow direction
Implementation Method 2
a manual bag to assist the inspiration and to receive a gas flow for filling the manual bag during the expiration
Implementation Method 3
an expiration circuit for controlling a discharge of an expiration gas... allowing an extra gas volume to be discharged during the expiration in order to reach a desired level of an expiratory pressure
Data Source
AI summary
A system for ventilating lungs of a subject is disclosed herein. The system includes a control unit configured to control operation of the system. The system also includes a machine ventilator circuit configured to assist the breathing functions of the subject, the machine ventilator circuit includes an inspiration delivery unit, and an expiration circuit. The system also includes a manual ventilation circuit comprising a manual bag guiding a gas from the manual bag wherein a gas flow is guided out from the manual bag to assist an inspiration phase, a gas flow is received to fill the manual bag during an expiration phase, and wherein the gas flow received to fill the manual bag during the expiration phase at least partially comprises the gas flow guided to assist the inspiration phase.