Farm Manure Acidification With Cyanamide for Emissions Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for reducing harmful gas emissions from farm manure during storage are either complex and costly or require frequent pH adjustments, failing to sustainably minimize emissions like ammonia, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide without impairing the manure's fertilizing properties.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the acidification of farm manure to a pH range of 4.5 to 6.8, combined with the addition of a cyanamide salt, effectively reduces gas emissions by leveraging a synergistic effect that minimizes the need for repeated acid applications.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If closed storage containers with gas processing equipment are used, then harmful gas emissions are significantly reduced, but device complexity and costs increase considerably
Solution Approach 1:
The harmful gases (ammonia, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrogen sulfide) are extracted from the manure system by converting them into stable compounds through chemical reactions with calcium cyanamide and acidified manure, eliminating the need for complex physical containment and processing equipment
Solution Approach 2:
The mechanical and physical gas processing systems (closed containers, filtration equipment, gas destruction apparatus) are replaced by a chemical transformation system using calcium cyanamide and acidification, which converts harmful gases into stable compounds through chemical reactions rather than physical containment or mechanical processing
2Object-generated harmful factors
If acidification methods are used to reduce gas emissions, then emissions are reduced, but frequent pH control and repeated acid addition are necessary
Solution Approach 1:
The manure is pre-acidified to a target pH range (4.5-6.8) before storage, and calcium cyanamide is added to provide sustained pH buffering capacity, preventing the pH from rising during storage and eliminating the need for frequent monitoring and repeated acid additions throughout the storage period
3Object-generated harmful factors
If calcium cyanamide is added to neutral or alkaline farm manure, then harmful gas emissions are reduced, but the pH value increases which may limit effectiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The manure is pre-acidified to a target pH range (4.5-6.8) before adding calcium cyanamide, ensuring the cyanamide operates in an optimized pH environment that maintains effectiveness throughout storage without requiring subsequent pH adjustments
Solution Approach 2:
The initial pH of the manure is changed to a target range (4.5-6.8) through acidification before calcium cyanamide addition, creating optimal conditions for the cyanamide to function and providing sustained pH buffering that maintains effective emissions control throughout the storage period
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The combination of acidification and cyanamide salt treatment provides a synergistic effect that reduces emissions by a synergistic effect, which significantly reduces harmful gas emissions from farm manure during its storage, effectively reduces emissions by up to 80%.
Implementation Method 1
The cyanamide salt reacts with water to form ammonia and cyanic acid
Implementation Method 2
acidification of the farm manure until a pH value in the range of pH 4.5 to 6.8 is set
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a method of reducing emissions of harmful gases from farm manure during storage of same, the method comprising the steps of acidifying the farm manure and adding a cyanamide salt composition to the farm manure.