MAPS Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine via Affinity Binding

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current vaccines against Staphylococcus aureus have failed to effectively prevent infection and colonization due to the complexity of pathogenesis and incomplete understanding of protective immune mechanisms, leading to a need for improved immunogenic compositions that can elicit both humoral and cellular immunity.

Innovation Solution

The development of a Multiple Antigen Presenting System (MAPS) comprising an immunogenic polysaccharide attached to Staphylococcus aureus antigens via an affinity binding pair, which generates a synergistic immune response including antibody and T-cell responses, using a modular approach that allows flexibility in the number and type of antigens attached, enhancing specific B-cell and T-cell responses.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional single-antigen vaccines are used against S. aureus, then the vaccine structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the immune response is insufficient and fails to prevent infection and colonization

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveeffectiveness of vaccineVSAvoidcomplexity of vaccine composition

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The vaccine divides the S. aureus pathogen into multiple discrete antigen components (proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids) that are presented separately through the MAPS system, allowing each antigen to elicit specific immune responses while maintaining overall vaccine effectiveness

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The vaccine uses a composite immunogenic composition that integrates multiple types of antigens (proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids) attached to or associated with the MAPS platform, creating a multi-component system that elicits both humoral and cellular immunity

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If multiple antigens are attached to polysaccharide in MAPS, then the immune response becomes robust and long-lasting with Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 responses, but the manufacturing process becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedurability of immune responseVSAvoidease of vaccine production

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The MAPS platform serves as a universal scaffold that can present multiple different antigen types (proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids) simultaneously, allowing a single vaccine composition to elicit diverse immune responses including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 responses through one manufacturing process

Inventive Principle:

Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Stability of the object's composition

If affinity binding pair is used to attach antigens to polysaccharide, then the stability and efficiency of vaccine production are improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvestability of antigen-polysaccharide complexVSAvoidcomplexity of attachment mechanism

Core Design Contradiction:

Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The affinity binding pair acts as an intermediary mechanism that specifically connects antigens to the polysaccharide component of MAPS, using high-affinity molecular interactions to stabilize the vaccine composition while maintaining a relatively simple overall structure that does not require complex assembly processes

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The SA-MAPS composition induces a robust and long-lasting immune response, providing protection against Staphylococcus aureus infections by eliciting Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 responses, and is highly effective in preventing colonization and carriage, with improved stability and efficiency in vaccine production.

Implementation Method 1

attached to the immunogenic polysaccharide via an affinity binding pair, at least one Staphylococcus aureus (SA) antigen

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectAffinity binding:

Implementation Method 2

generates a synergistic immune response including antibody and T-cell responses

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectImmune response:

Implementation Method 3

providing protection against Staphylococcus aureus infections by eliciting Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 responses

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectProtective immunity:

Data Source

PatentUS20220362367A1Multiple antigen presenting system (MAPS)-based staphylococcus aureus vaccine, immunogenic composition, and uses thereof

Publication Date: 2022.11.17 CHILDRENS MEDICAL CENT CORP

AI summary

The present embodiments provide for an S. aureus (SA) Multiple Antigen Presenting System (MAPS) immunogenic composition comprising an immunogenic polysaccharide which induces an immune response, where at least one S. aureus (SA) peptide or polypeptide antigen is associated to the immunogenic polysaccharide by complementary affinity molecules. In some embodiments, the immunogenic polysaccharide can be an antigenic capsular polysaccharide of a Type 5 or Type 8 from S. aureus, or alternatively, a different immunogenic capsular or noncapsular polysaccharide, and where the protein or peptide SA antigens are indirectly linked via an affinity binding pair. The present SA-MAPS immunogenic compositions can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses to the immunogenic polysaccharide and one or multiple SA antigens at the same time.