Marine Seismic Notch Compensation via Match Filter
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Solution Overview
Problem
Seismic streamers in marine environments face amplitude losses due to notch frequencies, which increase with depth, affecting the quality of seismic reflections recorded by deeper streamers.
Innovation Solution
A method and system that utilize a second seismic streamer at a shallower depth to derive a match filter, which is then applied to the data from a deeper streamer to compensate for notch frequencies by processing reflections from both streamers simultaneously, thereby enhancing signal-to-noise ratio.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If a deeper seismic streamer is used to record reflections, then the signal-to-noise ratio deteriorates due to notch frequencies, but the depth coverage is improved
Solution Approach 1:
A match filter is introduced as an intermediary processing element that transfers information from the shallow streamer data to the deep streamer data. The filter acts as a mediator that compensates for the notch frequency effects by applying transfer functions derived from the shallow streamer, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the deep streamer without sacrificing depth coverage
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the frequency domain parameters of the deep streamer data by applying a match filter. The filter modifies the spectral characteristics by compensating for amplitude losses at notch frequencies, effectively changing the frequency response parameters to restore signal quality while maintaining the depth advantage
2Reliability
If notch compensation is applied to deep streamer data, then the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, but the processing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The match filter is pre-computed using data from the shallow streamer before being applied to the deep streamer data. This preliminary action of deriving the transfer function from the shallow streamer avoids the need for complex real-time processing during deep streamer data analysis, thereby reducing processing complexity while still achieving signal-to-noise ratio improvement
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a copy of the useful signal characteristics from the shallow streamer and applies them to the deep streamer data through the match filter. By copying the spectral information and transfer functions from the shallow streamer, the system avoids complex direct processing of the degraded deep streamer signals
Data Source
AI summary
A method of performing notch compensation and a system to perform notch compensation for a first seismic streamer are described. The method includes disposing the first seismic streamer at a first depth, where the seismic streamer includes a first set of sensors to receive reflections resulting from a seismic source, the reflections indicating a notch at a frequency. The method also includes disposing a second seismic streamer at a second depth, the second depth being less than the first depth and the second seismic streamer including a second set of sensors to receive reflections resulting from the seismic source. The method further includes processing the reflections received by the first set of sensors and the second set of sensors together to derive the match filter, and applying the match filter to the reflections received by the first set of sensors of the first seismic streamer to compensate for the notch.